Table 1.
Baseline sociodemographic variables.
| Fig. 1 | Fig. 2 | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Infarction | Hemorrhage | Infarction |
Hemorrhage |
|||||||
| Small | Large | Small | Large | |||||||
| N | 44 | 35 | 22 | 21 | 18 | 17 | ||||
| Age (years) | 73.5 ± 8.5 | 65.0 ± 8.0 | p = 0.0057 | 72.0 ± 8.0 | 76.0 ± 10.0 | p = 0.2636 | 64.0 ± 8.8 | 68.0 ± 8.3 | p = 0.2282 | |
| (37–95) | (34–86) | ** | (48–92) | (37–95) | ns | (34–79) | (44–86) | ns | ||
| Female, N (%) | 16 (36.4) | 14 (40.0) | p = 0.7408 | 7 (31.8) | 9 (42.9) | p = 0.6650 | 7 (38.9) | 7 (41.2) | p = 0.8359 | |
| ns | ns | ns | ||||||||
| non-CEBI/CEBI | 29/15 | – | 17/5 | 11/10 | – | – | ||||
| Hypertension, N (%) | 26 (59.1) | 28 (80.0) | p = 0.0816 | 13 (59.1) | 12 (57.1) | p = 0.8573 | 16 (88.9) | 12 (70.6) | p = 0.2285 | |
| ns | ns | ns | ||||||||
| Hyperglycemia, N (%) | 16 (36.4) | 4 (11.4) | p = 0.0231 | 9 (40.7) | 7 (33.8) | p = 0.8429 | 2 (11.1) | 2 (11.8) | p = 1.0000 | |
| * | ns | ns | ||||||||
| Atrial fibrillation, N (%) | 15 (34.1) | 2 (5.7) | p = 0.0023 | 5 (22.7) | 10 (47.6) | p = 0.1640 | 1 (5.6) | 1 (5.9) | p = 1.0000 | |
| ** | ns | |||||||||
| NIHSS on admission | 4.0 ± 3.3 | 5.0 ± 8.0 | p = 0.0512 | 3.0 ± 2.0 | 7.0 ± 3.8 | p = 0.0058 | 3.5 ± 5.8 | 16.0 ± 9.0 | p = 0.0693 | |
| ns | ** | ns | ||||||||
| mRS at discharge | 2.0 ± 1.5 | 4.0 ± 1.5 | p = 0.3096 | 1.0 ± 1.0 | 4.0 ± 1.3 | p = 0.0026 | 2.0 ± 2.0 | 4.0 ± 0.5 | p = 0.1781 | |
| ns | ** | ns | ||||||||
| Hospitalization period (day) | 26.0 ± 12.0 | 27.5 ± 13.5 | p = 0.3917 | 18.0 ± 8.5 | 37.0 ± 8.5 | p = 0.0012 | 24.5 ± 15.0 | 34.0 ± 17.3 | p = 0.0977 | |
| ns | ** | ns | ||||||||
| Infarction size (cm2) | 7.3 ± 17.5 | – | 1.0 ± 6.9 | 36.0 ± 29.0 | p < 0.0001 | – | – | |||
| *** | ||||||||||
| Hemorrhage volume (cm3) | – | 12.4 ± 16.9 | – | – | 4.0 ± 1.9 | 37.6 ± 10.8 | p < 0.0001 | |||
| *** | ||||||||||
| Location of infarct | ||||||||||
| Cortex, N (%) | 15 (34.1) | – | 6 (27.3) | 9 (42.9) | – | – | ||||
| Perforator, N (%) | 16 (36.4) | – | 13 (59.1) | 3 (14.3) | – | – | ||||
| Both, N (%) | 12 (27.3) | – | 3 (13.6) | 9 (42.9) | – | – | ||||
| Unknown, N (%) | 1 (2.3) | – | 1 (4.5) | 0 (0) | – | – | ||||
| Location of hematoma | ||||||||||
| Subcortical, N (%) | – | 9 (25.7) | – | – | 0 (0) | 9 (52.9) | ||||
| Cerebeller, N (%) | – | 4 (11.4) | – | – | 3 (16.7) | 1 (5.9) | ||||
| Brain stem, N (%) | – | 4 (11.4) | – | – | 4 (22.2) | 0 (0) | ||||
| Putaminal, N (%) | – | 15 (42.9) | – | – | 8 (44.4) | 7 (41.2) | ||||
| Thalamic, N (%) | – | 3 (8.6) | – | – | 3 (16.7) | 0 (0) | ||||
| Free radical scavenger | edaravone, N (%) | 35 (79.5) | – | 16 (72.7) | 19 (90.5) | – | – | |||
| Thrombolytic therapy | t-PA, N (%) | 2 (4.5) | – | 1 (4.5) | 1 (4.8) | – | – | |||
| Hemodilution therapy | dextran, N (%) | 32 (72.7) | – | 14 (63.6) | 18 (85.7) | – | – | |||
| Anticoagulant drug | heparin, N (%) | 13 (29.5) | – | 5 (22.7) | 8 (38.1) | – | – | |||
| argatroban, N (%) | 7 (15.9) | – | 2 (9.1) | 5 (23.8) | – | – | ||||
| rivaroxaban, N (%) | 6 (13.6) | – | 3 (13.6) | 3 (14.3) | – | – | ||||
| warfarin, N (%) | 5 (11.4) | – | 3 (13.6) | 2 (9.5) | – | – | ||||
| apixaban, N (%) | 1 (2.3) | – | 0 (0) | 1 (4.8) | – | – | ||||
| Antiplatelet drug | ozagrel, N (%) | 5 (11.4) | – | 3 (13.6) | 2 (9.5) | – | – | |||
| clopidgrel, N (%) | 11 (25.0) | – | 6 (27.3) | 5 (23.8) | – | – | ||||
| cilostazol, N (%) | 10 (22.7) | – | 5 (22.7) | 5 (23.8) | – | – | ||||
| aspirin, N (%) | 7 (15.9) | – | 5 (22.7) | 2 (9.5) | – | – | ||||
| Hemorrhage surgery | ||||||||||
| Conservative, N (%) | – | 18 (51.4) | – | – | 14 (77.8) | 4 (23.5) | ||||
| Evacuation, N (%) | – | 7 (20.0) | – | – | 1 (5.6) | 6 (35.3) | ||||
| Stereo, N (%) | – | 7 (20.0) | – | – | 1 (5.6) | 6 (35.3) | ||||
| AVM resection, N (%) | – | 1 (2.9) | – | – | 0 (0) | 1 (5.9) | ||||
| Clipping, N (%) | – | 0 (0) | – | – | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | ||||
| Unknown, N (%) | – | 2 (5.7) | – | – | 2 (11.1) | 0 (0) | ||||
The values are shown in median ± interquatile deviation or percentages. CEBI, cardioembolic infarction. ns, p > 0.05; * p < 0.05; ** p < 0.01; *** p < 0.001.