Table 1.
Demographic and clinical characteristics of the normal, overweight, and obese perimenopausal and postmenopausal subjects
| Characteristic | Perimenopause | Postmenopause | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Normal | Overweight | Obesity | p-value | Normal | Overweight | Obesity | p-value | |
| (n = 293) | (n = 127) | (n = 113) | (n = 184) | (n = 94) | (n = 118) | |||
| Age, years | 48.4 ± 2.7 | 48.6 ± 2.8 | 48.8 ± 2.9 | 0.438 | 52.0 ± 3.0 | 51.8 ± 3.0 | 52.2 ± 3.4 | 0.573 |
| Education | ||||||||
| High school graduate or less | 91 (31.1) | 57 (44.9) | 56 (49.6) | 0.001 | 91 (49.5) | 51 (54.3) | 70 (59.3) | 0.242 |
| Some college or more | 202 (68.9) | 70 (55.1) | 7 (50.4) | 93 (50.5) | 43 (45.7) | 48 (40.7) | ||
| Household income/monthly | ||||||||
| <4,000,000 KRW | 34 (13.9) | 17 (15.9) | 16 (16.5) | 0.797 | 24 (16.1) | 21 (28.8) | 29 (30.2) | 0.017 |
| ≥4,000,000 KRW | 210 (86.1) | 90 (84.1) | 81 (83.5) | 125 (83.9) | 52 (71.2) | 67 (69.8) | ||
| Employment status, employed | 122 (48.2) | 56 (52.3) | 49 (49.5) | 0.775 | 66 (41.8) | 40 (54.8) | 52 (54.7) | 0.064 |
| Living with a spouse, yes | 282 (96.3) | 118 (92.9) | 103 (91.2) | 0.098 | 174 (94.6) | 83 (88.3) | 103 (87.3) | 0.060 |
| Parity | ||||||||
| 1–2 | 244 (83.3) | 107 (84.3) | 84 (74.3) | 0.077 | 144 (78.3) | 58 (61.7) | 89 (75.4) | 0.011 |
| 3 or more | 49 (16.7) | 20 (15.8) | 29 (25.7) | 40 (21.7) | 36 (38.3) | 29 (24.6) | ||
| Smoking, yes | 5 (2.4) | 5 (5.9) | – | 0.049 | 3 (2.5) | 3 (4.5) | 4 (4.6) | 0.711 |
| Alcohol intake | ||||||||
| Never | 57 (21.9) | 20 (17.9) | 26 (24.8) | 0.458 | 44 (27.7) | 22 (26.8) | 31 (29.5) | 0.912 |
| Ever | 203 (78.1) | 92 (82.1) | 79 (75.2) | 115 (72.3) | 60 (73.2) | 74 (70.5) | ||
| Physical activity level | ||||||||
| Low | 148 (50.5) | 71 (55.9) | 60 (53.1) | 0.788 | 88 (47.8) | 47 (50.0) | 69 (58.5) | 0.036 |
| Moderate | 93 (31.7) | 38 (29.9) | 37 (32.7) | 75 (40.8) | 27 (28.7) | 35 (29.7) | ||
| High | 52 (17.8) | 18 (14.2) | 16 (14.2) | 21 (11.4) | 20 (21.3) | 14 (11.9) | ||
| Body mass index, kg/m2 | 21.1 ± 1.2a | 23.9 ± 0.6b | 27.4 ± 2.6c | <0.001 | 21.2 ± 1.1a | 24.0 ± 0.6b | 27.2 ± 2.0c | <0.001 |
| Waist circumference, cm | 74.8 ± 4.4a | 81.6 ± 4.1b | 88.6 ± 7.1c | <0.001 | 75.5 ± 4.7a | 81.6 ± 4.1b | 88.5 ± 6.4c | <0.001 |
| Total cholesterol, mg/dL | 200.8 ± 33.7a | 204.3 ± 33.8ab | 214.8 ± 40.4b | 0.002 | 216.3 ± 36.3 | 209.4 ± 35.8 | 209.3 ± 38.0 | 0.171 |
| Triglycerides, mg/dL | 85.7 ± 39.7a | 99.5 ± 50.0a | 124.8 ± 91.3b | <0.001 | 95.4 ± 44.2a | 106.4 ± 60.2a | 126.4 ± 66.2b | <0.001 |
| HDL-cholesterol, mg/dL | 68.1 ± 14.9b | 59.8 ± 14.2a | 57.4 ± 14.3a | <0.001 | 65.3 ± 16.2b | 61.7 ± 14.5ab | 57.2 ± 15.0a | <0.001 |
| Fasting blood glucose, mg/dL | 93.0 ± 9.3a | 97.0 ± 22.4ab | 100.3 ± 21.4b | <0.001 | 94.9 ± 13.7a | 100.0 ± 21.2b | 100.5 ± 14.0b | 0.004 |
The data are presented as n(%) or mean ± standard deviation
Different letters represent statistical difference by Scheffe’s multiple comparison test
P-values were generated by analysis of variance followed by Scheffe’s multiple comparison test, or by Chi-squared test
Body mass index (BMI) was categorized as normal (18.5–22.9 kg/m2), overweight (23–24.9 kg/m2), or obese (≥25 kg/m2)
HDL high density lipoprotein, KRW Korean won