Table 4.

Multiple linear regression analysis of the association between overweight and obesity and menopausal symptoms

Domain	Perimenopause					Postmenopause
	Normal (n = 293)	Overweight (n = 127)		Obesity (n = 113)		Normal (n = 184)	Overweight (n = 94)		Obesity (n = 118)
		β(S.E.)	p-value	β(S.E.)	p-value		β(S.E.)	p-value	β(S.E.)	p-value
Total symptoms
Crude	ref.	−0.08 (0.14)	0.551	0.22 (0.15)	0.141	ref.	−0.02 (0.19)	0.934	0.22 (0.18)	0.216
Adjusteda		−0.09 (0.14)	0.543	0.21 (0.15)	0.152		0.06 (0.19)	0.751	0.26 (0.18)	0.148
Vasomotor
Crude	ref.	−0.16 (0.17)	0.351	0.29 (0.18)	0.099	ref.	−0.05 (0.24)	0.824	0.63 (0.22)	0.005
Adjusteda		−0.19 (0.17)	0.253	0.23 (0.18)	0.196		0.01 (0.25)	0.958	0.68 (0.23)	0.003
Psychosocial
Crude	ref.	−0.05 (0.16)	0.780	0.06 (0.17)	0.747	ref.	−0.01 (0.21)	0.964	0.18 (0.20)	0.369
Adjusteda		−0.06 (0.17)	0.731	0.05 (0.17)	0.780		0.05 (0.22)	0.824	0.18 (0.20)	0.368
Physical
Crude	ref.	0.03 (0.15)	0.840	0.32 (0.15)	0.039	ref.	0.16 (0.18)	0.371	0.27 (0.17)	0.111
Adjusteda		0.04 (0.15)	0.787	0.35 (0.16)	0.023		0.21 (0.19)	0.270	0.29 (0.17)	0.090
Sexual
Crude	ref.	−0.16 (0.20)	0.412	0.20 (0.21)	0.325	ref.	−0.16 (0.28)	0.552	−0.21 (0.26)	0.415
Adjusteda		−0.13 (0.20)	0.495	0.22 (0.21)	0.286		−0.02 (0.28)	0.936	−0.13 (0.25)	0.622

Body mass index (BMI) was categorized as normal (18.5–22.9 kg/m²), overweight (23–24.9 kg/m²), and obese (≥25 kg/m²)

^aThe regression analysis was adjusted for age (years), education (high school graduate or less, some college or more), parity (1–2, ≥3), marital status (yes or no answer to the question, “are you living with a spouse?”), and physical activity level (low, moderate, high)