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. 2017 Dec 8;10:602. doi: 10.1186/s13071-017-2538-1

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© The Author(s). 2017

Open AccessThis article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated.

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Fig. 2 — Temporal changes of the mRNA expression of cytokines and transcription factors in the liver of buffaloes experimentally infected with Fasciola gigantica. The X axis represents days post infection (dpi), control animals are represented by empty bars and Y axis represents the mRNA relative expression of target genes relative to GAPDH based on 2^–ΔΔCq calculation. Columns show the means and error bars show SEMs. The log number of mRNA relative expression of a IFN-γ, IL-1β, IL-4, IL-6, IL-10, IL-12B, IL-13, IL-17A, TGF-β and b T-bet, GATA-3, Foxp3, and ROR-γτ, are shown. c Trends in the ratios between each pair of transcription factors during the course of infection, which was used as indicators of the balance between Th1/Th2 and Treg/Th17. Significant differences of each time-point compared with control non-infected (NC) group: *P < 0.05; **P < 0.01; ***P < 0.001 or ****P < 0.0001 (analyzed by one-way ANOVA, post-hoc LSD test)