Figure 3.

(A) Endothelial NO synthase (eNOS) Ser1177 phosphorylation (p‐eNOS); and eNOS dimerization (B). Representative Western blots and densitometric quantifications are shown (determined by 1‐way ANOVA and Bonferroni post hoc test; n=6–13 per group). (C), In vitro quantification of cGMP levels in control_{D‐ TAT}, Roux‐en‐Y gastric bypass (RYGB), and peptide inhibitor D‐JNKi‐1 (D‐JNK) rats 8 days after surgery/start of treatment (determined by Kruskal‐Wallis test and Dunn multiple comparison test; n=6–13 per group). Effect of preincubation with 150 U/mL of polyethylene glycol–superoxide dismutase (SOD) on the endothelium‐dependent relaxation to glucagon‐like peptide‐1 (GLP‐1); (D) and insulin (E) in the same experimental groups (no differences, determined by 2‐way repeated measures ANOVA and Bonferroni post hoc test; n=3–9 per group). F, Representative pictures of dihydroethidium fluorescent staining of superoxide anions and relative quantification in aortas isolated 8 days after surgery from control_{D‐ TAT}, RYGB, and D‐JNK rats (determined by 1‐way ANOVA and Bonferroni post hoc test; n=7–10 per group). Results are shown as mean±SD (A, B, and F) or median±interquartile range (C). *P<0.05, **P<0.01 for RYGB vs control_{D‐ TAT}; °P<0.05, °°P<0.01, °°°P<0.001 for control_{D‐ TAT} vs D‐JNK.