Figure 1.

Multivariate adjusted hazard ratios (HRs; 95% confidence intervals [CIs]) of incident cardiovascular disease for quartiles (Q) of choline metabolite score (A) and betaine/choline ratio (B), stratified by intervention group (Mediterranean diet [MedDiet] interventions vs control group). An inverse normal transformation was applied to raw baseline values and a weighted sum of concentrations of 5 metabolites in the choline pathway (trimethylamine N‐oxide, betaine, choline, phosphocholine, and α‐glycerophosphocholine). The betaine/choline ratio was calculated by dividing the raw values and then applying inverse normal transformations. Models adjusted for age, sex, body mass index, smoking, and family history of premature heart disease. P values for interaction were derived from Cox models stratified by intervention group and adjusted as above, including an interaction term between the intervention group and the continuous scores. Ref. indicates reference.