Table 2.
Echocardiographic Parameters, Overall and According to LAV/BSA Quartiles
| Variable | All Patients (N=1351) | LAV/BSA <30 mL/m2 (n=318) | LAV/BSA 30–38 mL/m2 (n=357) | LAV/BSA 39–50 mL/m2 (n=345) | LAV/BSA >50 mL/m2 (n=331) | P Value for Trend |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Aortic valve area, cm2 | 0.81 (0.65–1.05) | 0.88 (0.70–1.21) | 0.86 (0.66–1.10) | 0.79 (0.63–1.00)a | 0.78 (0.62–0.91)b | <0.001 |
| Aortic valve area indexed to BSA, cm2/m2 | 0.44 (0.35–0.55) | 0.46 (0.37–0.63) | 0.45 (0.35–0.58) | 0.42 (0.34–0.52)a | 0.42 (0.33–0.5)b | <0.001 |
| Peak aortic jet velocity, m/s | 4.1 (3.3–4.7) | 3.9 (3–4.6) | 4 (3.3–4.7) | 4.2 (3.5–4.7)a | 4.2 (3.6–4.7)a | 0.001 |
| Transaortic mean pressure gradient, mm Hg | 42 (28–55) | 38 (24–53) | 41 (26–56) | 44 (30–55)a | 44 (32–57)b | <0.001 |
| LV outflow tract velocity time integral, cm | 21 (18–24) | 21 (18–24) | 22 (18–24) | 22 (19–24) | 21 (18–24) | 0.253 |
| Cardiac output, mL/min | 5.7 (4.6–6.7) | 5.8 (4.7–6.8) | 5.7 (4.8–6.7) | 5.7 (4.6–6.7) | 5.3 (4.4–6.7) | 0.051 |
| LV end‐diastolic diameter, mm | 49 (45–54) | 49 (43–53) | 49 (45–53) | 50 (45–53) | 51 (46–56)b | <0.001 |
| LV end‐systolic diameter, mm | 31 (27–35) | 30 (26–33) | 30 (26–35)a | 31 (27–35)a | 32 (27–38)b | <0.001 |
| LV end‐diastolic septum thickness, mm | 13 (11–15) | 13 (11–14) | 13 (11–15) | 13 (12–15)a | 13 (12–15)b | <0.001 |
| LV end‐diastolic volume, mL | 119 (86–160) | 111 (80–148) | 123 (90–167)a | 123 (89–154)a | 124 (91–155)b | <0.001 |
| LV end‐systolic volume, mL | 43 (29–61) | 38 (26–54) | 43 (30–62)a | 44 (31–61)a | 47 (31–71)b | <0.001 |
| Ejection fraction, % | 64 (58–69) | 65 (60–70) | 65 (59–70) | 63 (58–69)a | 62 (55–68)b | <0.001 |
| LV mass, g | 233 (185–291) | 213 (173–259) | 227 (184–286) | 244 (195–291)a | 266 (201–323)b | <0.001 |
| Indexed LV mass, g/m2 | 123 (100–152) | 109 (92–135) | 121 (98–147)a | 124 (103–152)b | 142 (110–172)b | <0.001 |
| E/A ratioc | 0.8 (0.6–1.0) | 0.7 (0.6–1.0) | 0.7 (0.6–0.9) | 0.8 (0.6–1.0) | 0.9 (0.7–1.2)b | <0.001 |
| E deceleration time, msc | 233 (187–295) | 240 (193–288) | 242 (197–303) | 240 (200–303) | 210 (163–276)a | <0.001 |
| E/e′ ratiod | 11 (8–15) | 9 (6–13) | 10 (8–14) | 11 (8–15) | 13 (9–18)b | <0.001 |
| Systolic pulmonary artery pressure, mm Hg | 31 (27–28) | 29 (25–35) | 31 (27–36) | 31 (27–38) | 35 (29–45)b | <0.001 |
Nonnormally distributed continuous variables are expressed as median (25th–75th percentile). Continuous variables are compared among groups using Kruskal‐Wallis tests (for nonnormally distributed variables). Individual differences between the lowest quartile and the others are compared with Mann‐Whitney U tests (with Bonferroni correction for multiple comparisons). A indicates late mitral inflow wave; E, early mitral inflow wave; E/e′, mitral peak Doppler E‐ wave/peak mitral annulus velocity ratio; LAV/BSA, left atrial volume indexed to body surface area; and LV, left ventricular.
P<0.05 individual category vs LAV/BSA <30 mL/m2.
P<0.001 individual category vs LAV/BSA <30 mL/m2.
Missing data for 373 patients.
Missing data for 601 patients.