Table 2.
Relative Risk and 95% Confidence Intervals of CVD According to Reproductive Life Span in the Nurses' Health Study
| Reproductive Life Span (Years) | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| <30 | 30 to 33 | 34 to 37 | 38 to 41 | ≥42 | P Trend | |
| Total CVD | ||||||
| Cases/person‐years | 569/143 756 | 725/192 323 | 1660/454 887 | 1862/512 534 | 588/164 488 | |
| Model 1a | 1.39 (1.23–1.56) | 1.19 (1.06–1.32) | 1.07 (0.97–1.17) | 1.01 (0.92–1.11) | 1 | <0.0001 |
| Model 2b | 1.30 (1.15–1.48) | 1.12 (1.00–1.25) | 1.03 (0.93–1.13) | 1.00 (0.91–1.10) | 1 | <0.0001 |
| Model 3c | 1.32 (1.16–1.49) | 1.15 (1.02–1.28) | 1.06 (0.96–1.16) | 1.02 (0.93–1.12) | 1 | <0.0001 |
| Total CHD | ||||||
| Cases/person‐years | 304/143 941 | 406/192 541 | 926/455 405 | 994/513 131 | 303/164 689 | |
| Model 1a | 1.37 (1.17–1.61) | 1.24 (1.06–1.44) | 1.12 (0.98–1.28) | 1.03 (0.91–1.17) | 1 | <0.0001 |
| Model 2b | 1.37 (1.15–1.63) | 1.20 (1.03–1.40) | 1.09 (0.96–1.25) | 1.03 (0.90–1.17) | 1 | <0.0001 |
| Model 3c | 1.39 (1.17–1.65) | 1.24 (1.06–1.45) | 1.13 (0.99–1.29) | 1.05 (0.93–1.20) | 1 | <0.0001 |
| Total stroke | ||||||
| Cases/person‐years | 289/143 933 | 353/192 568 | 808/455 435 | 938/513 095 | 296/164 660 | |
| Model 1a | 1.44 (1.22–1.69) | 1.18 (1.01–1.37) | 1.05 (0.92–1.20) | 1.02 (0.89–1.16) | 1 | <0.0001 |
| Model 2b | 1.26 (1.05–1.51) | 1.07 (0.91–1.26) | 0.99 (0.87–1.14) | 1.00 (0.88–1.14) | 1 | 0.007 |
| Model 3c | 1.27 (1.06–1.52) | 1.09 (0.93–1.28) | 1.01 (0.89–1.16) | 1.02 (0.89–1.16) | 1 | 0.005 |
CHD indicates coronary heart disease; CVD, cardiovascular disease.
Model 1 age adjusted.
Model 2 additionally adjusted for ethnicity (European descent, Asian, Hispanic, or black), hormone therapy use (never, current, or past), oral contraceptive use (never, ever), parity (nulliparous, 1–2, or ≥3), family history of myocardial infarction (excluded in stroke outcome analysis), family history of stroke (excluded in CHD outcome analysis), smoking (never, past, current 1–14, 15–24, or ≥25 cigarettes/day), moderate‐to‐vigorous exercise (0, 0.01–1.0, 1.1–3.4, 3.5–5.9, and ≥6 h/week), Alternate Healthy Eating Index score (<45, 45 to <60, or ≥60), aspirin use (yes, no), alcohol intake (0, 0.1–4.9, 5.0–14.9, or ≥15.0 g/day), body mass index (BMI; <18.5, 18.5–22.4, 22.5–24.9, 25.0–27.4, 27.5–29.9, 30.0–34.9, or ≥35.0 kg/m2), BMI at age 18 years (<18.5, 18.5–22.4, 22.5–24.9, 25.0–27.4, 27.5–29.9, 30.0–34.9, or ≥35.0 kg/m2), and menopause type (natural, surgical).
Model 3 additionally adjusted for a history of diabetes mellitus, hypertension, and hypercholesterolemia.