Table 3.
Relative Risk and 95% Confidence Intervals of CVD According to Age at Menarche in the Nurses' Health Study
| Age at Menarche (y) | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| ≤10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | ≥16 | P Trend (Linear) | P Trend (Nonlinear) | |
| Total CVD | |||||||||
| Cases/person‐years | 414/87 915 | 997/260 188 | 1565/424 631 | 1837/424 631 | 795/202 167 | 252/72 604 | 250/56 524 | ||
| Model 1a | 1.45 (1.30–1.61) | 1.08 (1.00–1.16) | 1.01 (0.94–1.08) | 1 | 1.01 (0.93–1.10) | 0.86 (0.75–0.98) | 1.05 (0.92–1.19) | <0.0001 | 0.0001 |
| Model 2b | 1.28 (1.15–1.43) | 1.02 (0.95–1.10) | 0.99 (0.92–1.05) | 1 | 1.03 (0.95–1.12) | 0.86 (0.75–0.98) | 1.02 (0.89–1.16) | 0.007 | 0.02 |
| Model 3c | 1.22 (1.09–1.36) | 1.00 (0.92–1.08) | 0.97 (0.91–1.04) | 1 | 1.04 (0.96–1.13) | 0.87 (0.76–0.99) | 1.03 (0.91–1.18) | 0.10 | 0.05 |
| Total CHD | |||||||||
| Cases/person‐years | 222/88 041 | 545/260 510 | 850/425 112 | 967/498 884 | 406/202 445 | 133/72 683 | 131/56 599 | ||
| Model 1a | 1.45 (1.25–1.68) | 1.11 (1.00–1.24) | 1.04 (0.95–1.14) | 1 | 0.99 (0.88–1.11) | 0.87 (0.73–1.04) | 1.05 (0.87–1.26) | <0.0001 | 0.004 |
| Model 2b | 1.23 (1.06–1.43) | 1.03 (0.93–1.15) | 1.01 (0.92–1.11) | 1 | 1.02 (0.90–1.14) | 0.87 (0.72–1.04) | 1.02 (0.85–1.23) | 0.04 | 0.18 |
| Model 3c | 1.16 (1.00–1.34) | 1.00 (0.90–1.12) | 1.00 (0.91–1.09) | 1 | 1.03 (0.91–1.15) | 0.88 (0.73–1.05) | 1.05 (0.87–1.26) | 0.28 | 0.31 |
| Total stroke | |||||||||
| Cases/person‐years | 204/88 043 | 479/260 496 | 781/425 122 | 943/254 046 | 419/202 399 | 180/72 675 | 128/56 601 | ||
| Model 1a | 1.41 (1.21–1.64) | 1.01 (0.91–1.13) | 0.98 (0.89–1.08) | 1 | 1.03 (0.92–1.16) | 0.86 (0.72–1.03) | 1.03 (0.86–1.24) | 0.03 | 0.02 |
| Model 2b | 1.31 (1.12–1.52) | 0.98 (0.88–1.10) | 0.97 (0.88–1.06) | 1 | 1.05 (0.93–1.18) | 0.86 (0.72–1.04) | 1.00 (0.83–1.21) | 0.16 | 0.11 |
| Model 3c | 1.25 (1.07–1.46) | 0.96 (0.86–1.07) | 0.95 (0.86–1.05) | 1 | 1.06 (0.94–1.18) | 0.87 (0.72–1.04) | 1.02 (0.84–1.22) | 0.44 | 0.16 |
CHD indicates coronary heart disease; CVD, cardiovascular disease.
Model 1 age adjusted.
Model 2 additionally adjusted for ethnicity (European descent, Asian, Hispanic, or black), hormone therapy use (never, current, or past), oral contraceptive use (never, ever), parity (nulliparous, 1–2, or ≥3), family history of myocardial infarction (excluded in stroke outcome analysis), family history of stroke (excluded in CHD outcome analysis), smoking (never, past, or current 1–14, 15–24, or ≥25 cigarettes/day), moderate‐to‐vigorous exercise (0, 0.01–1.0, 1.1–3.4, 3.5–5.9, or ≥6 h/week), Alternate Healthy Eating Index score (<45, 45 to <60, or ≥60), aspirin use (yes, no), alcohol intake (0, 0.1–4.9, 5.0–14.9, or ≥15.0 g/day), body mass index (BMI; <18.5, 18.5–22.4, 22.5–24.9, 25.0–27.4, 27.5–29.9, 30.0–34.9, or ≥35.0 kg/m2), and BMI at age 18 years (<18.5, 18.5–22.4, 22.5–24.9, 25.0–27.4, 27.5–29.9, 30.0–34.9, or ≥35.0 kg/m2).
Model 3 additionally adjusted for a history of diabetes mellitus, hypertension, and hypercholesterolemia.