Table 5.
Race‐Specific Associations Between Nocturnal SBP Dipping and Each Cognitive Function
| Variables | DSST | Stroop Test | Log TMT‐B | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Black Individuals (n=314) | White Individuals (n=441) | Black Individuals (n=314) | White Individuals (n=441) | Black Individuals (n=314) | White Individuals (n=441) | |
| Model 1a | ||||||
| Nocturnal SBP dipping |
1.49 (0.34 to 2.64) P=0.01 |
0.12 (−0.74 to 1.00) P=0.78 |
2.71 (−0.75 to 6.18) P=0.12 |
0.23 (−2.29 to 2.75) P=0.86 |
−0.05 (−0.10 to −0.002) P=0.04 |
−0.01 (−0.04 to 0.01) P=0.32 |
| Model 2b | ||||||
| Nocturnal SBP dipping |
1.41 (0.24 to 2.57) P=0.02 |
0.07 (−0.81 to 0.93) P=0.88 |
2.56 (−1.04 to 6.16) P=0.16 |
0.17 (−2.35 to 2.68) P=0.90 |
−0.05 (−0.10 to −0.00003) P=0.05 |
−0.01 (−0.04 to 0.02) P=0.36 |
| Model 3c | ||||||
| Nocturnal SBP dipping |
1.41 (0.24 to 2.58) P=0.02 |
−0.001 (−0.89 to 0.88) P=0.997 |
2.60 (−0.99 to 6.20) P=0.16 |
0.04 (−2.52 to 2.59) P=0.98 |
−0.05 (−0.09 to −0.001) P=0.05 |
−0.01 (−0.04 to 0.02) P=0.43 |
| Model 4d | ||||||
| Nocturnal SBP dipping |
1.37 (0.22 to 2.52) P=0.02 |
0.06 (−0.82 to 0.94) P=0.90 |
2.49 (−1.01 to 5.99) P=0.16 |
0.15 (−2.38 to 2.68) P=0.91 |
−0.05 (−0.10 to −0.002) P=0.06 |
−0.01 (−0.04 to 0.02) P=0.38 |
Data are given as adjusted unstandardized regression coefficient (95% CI) values associated with 1‐SD increase of nocturnal SBP dipping (7.5% reduction of nocturnal SBP from daytime SBP). Statistical significance was defined as P<0.05. DSST indicates Digit Symbol Substitution Task; SBP, systolic blood pressure; and TMT‐B, Trail Making Test Part B.
Adjustment factors for model 1 included demographic variables (age, sex, and education) plus clinical characteristics (body mass index, estimated glomerular filtration rate, prevalent diabetes mellitus, duration of hypertension, use of antihypertensive medications, prevalent stroke, and clinic SBP levels).
Adjustment factors for model 2 included demographic variables, clinical characteristics, and 24‐hour mean SBP levels.
Adjustment factors for model 3 included demographic variables, clinical characteristics, 24‐hour mean SBP levels, and white matter hyperintensity volumes.
Adjustment factors for model 4 included demographic variables, clinical characteristics, 24‐hour mean SBP levels, and brain atrophy.