Figure 14.

Bar graphs illustrate the effects of SDF‐1α (stromal cell‐derived factor 1α; 10 nmol/L, with added sitagliptin at 1 μmol/L to enhance the response) on cell number in the absence and presence of PP1 (A; 100 ng/mL), rapamycin (B; 10 μmol/L), and LY294002 (C; 10 μmol/L) in glomerular mesangial cells (GMCs) from spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR). Each set of P values in each panel are from a 2‐factor ANOVA (factor A, level of SDF‐1α; factor B, level of indicated inhibitor). The interaction P values show that the effects of SDF‐1α were blocked by the indicated inhibitor. *^,†,‡,§Significant difference (P<0.05; Fisher least significant difference test) from the first, second, third, and fourth columns, respectively. Values are means and SEM.