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. 2017 Sep 28;6(10):e006421. doi: 10.1161/JAHA.117.006421

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© 2017 The Authors. Published on behalf of the American Heart Association, Inc., by Wiley.

This is an open access article under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution‐NonCommercial License, which permits use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited and is not used for commercial purposes.

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The effects of chronic stress on the levels of DPP4 activities and targeted molecule proteins or genes in the nonstressed and stressed mice. A, The mouse/rat immobilized stress model. B and C, The levels of plasma and muscle DPP4 levels. D and E, ELISA data show the levels of plasma GLP‐1 and adiponectin levels. F, Quantitative real‐time PCR revealed that chronic stress reduced the adiponectin expression in subcutaneous adipose tissue. Values are mean±SE (n=5–7). *P<0.01 vs corresponding controls; NS, not significant by ANOVA and Tukey's post hoc tests. ANOVA indicates analysis of variance; APN adiponectin; DPP4, dipeptidyl peptidase‐4; GAPDH, glyceraldehyde‐3‐phosphate‐dehydrogenase; GLP‐1, glucagon‐like peptide‐1; PCR, polymerase chain reaction.