Table 1.

Baseline Comparison of Participants Across Treatment Groups

Variable	Total Sample		Vitamin D‐Deficient Samplea
	Vitamin D (n=256)	Placebo (n=261)	Vitamin D (n=71)	Placebo (n=79)
Age, yb	64.5±8.3	65.5±8.8	63.3±8.6	64.7±9.1
Male sex, %	60	52	56	48
Ethnicity
European/other, %	73	78	49	52
Maori, %	7	7	14	8
Pacific, %	12	8	17	22
South Asian, %	8	7	20	19
Smoking
Nonsmoker, %	53	50	56	58
Former smoker, %	37	42	34	38
Current smoker, %	9	8	10	4
Alcohol consumption
Nondrinker, %	8	7	12	13
Former drinker, %	11	8	17	18
Current drinker, %	82	86	71	70
Sun exposure, h/d
<1, %	14	13	20	19
1–2, %	53	52	48	62
>2, %	32	35	32	19
Vigorous physical activity, h/wk
None, %	39	39	55	49
1–2, %	25	27	26	26
>2, %	37	35	20	26
Diabetes mellitus, %	2	3	3	6
Vitamin D supplements, %	11	11	4	6
Hypertension, %	66	63	65	77
Antihypertensive medication, %	44	39	48	56
Body mass index, kg/m2 b	28.8±5.2	28.6±5.2	30.8±6.9	29.7±6.2
25‐hydroxyvitamin D
Observedb	62.1±24.7	63.1±24.6	35.2±10.2	36.5±9.9
Deseasonalizedb	65.8±23.8	66.0±24.1	38.1±8.6	38.9±8.0
Deseasonalized <50 nmol/L, %	28	30	100	100
Time from randomization to follow‐up, db	401±29	402±30	398±32	401±32

^aThose with deseasonalized 25‐hydroxyvitamin D <50 nmol/L.

^bValues are mean±SD.