Table 3.
Univariable Cox Proportional Hazards Analyses of Baseline Variables in Relation to Clinical Outcomes
| Total Mortality | Cardiac Mortality | HF Hospitalization | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| HR | 95% CI | P Value | HR | 95% CI | P Value | HR | 95% CI | P Value | ||||
| Lead type (QUAD) | 0.31 | 0.19 | 0.49 | <0.001 | 0.35 | 0.20 | 0.63 | <0.001 | 0.60 | 0.37 | 0.95 | 0.030 |
| Sex (male) | 1.76 | 1.28 | 2.42 | 0.001 | 1.99 | 1.30 | 3.04 | 0.001 | 1.23 | 0.82 | 1.84 | 0.309 |
| Age | 1.04 | 1.02 | 1.05 | <0.001 | 1.02 | 1.00 | 1.03 | 0.029 | 1.03 | 1.01 | 1.04 | 0.004 |
| NYHA class | ||||||||||||
| III | 1.50 | 1.04 | 2.18 | 0.031 | 1.41 | 0.90 | 2.21 | 0.138 | 1.25 | 0.80 | 1.94 | 0.329 |
| IV | 3.74 | 2.25 | 6.21 | <0.001 | 2.40 | 1.25 | 4.61 | 0.009 | 1.24 | 0.51 | 3.03 | 0.634 |
| Cause (ischemic) | 1.23 | 0.95 | 1.59 | 0.112 | 1.21 | 0.88 | 1.67 | 0.249 | 1.31 | 0.92 | 1.87 | 0.130 |
| Device type (CRT‐D) | 0.81 | 0.63 | 1.04 | 0.100 | 0.96 | 0.70 | 1.33 | 0.810 | 0.98 | 0.69 | 1.39 | 0.922 |
| Comorbidities | ||||||||||||
| Diabetes mellitus | 1.33 | 1.00 | 1.77 | 0.050 | 1.57 | 1.11 | 2.22 | 0.010 | 1.48 | 1.02 | 2.16 | 0.042 |
| Hypertension | 1.10 | 0.83 | 1.45 | 0.509 | 0.91 | 0.63 | 1.31 | 0.620 | 0.96 | 0.65 | 1.41 | 0.820 |
| CABG | 1.16 | 0.85 | 1.60 | 0.352 | 1.05 | 0.70 | 1.59 | 0.801 | 1.04 | 0.66 | 1.63 | 0.872 |
| ECG variables | ||||||||||||
| Atrial fibrillation | 1.36 | 1.05 | 1.76 | 0.019 | 1.26 | 0.91 | 1.74 | 0.171 | 0.94 | 0.65 | 1.36 | 0.741 |
| QRS morphology (LBBB) | 0.81 | 0.60 | 1.09 | 0.161 | 0.71 | 0.50 | 1.02 | 0.064 | 0.57 | 0.39 | 0.84 | 0.004 |
| QRS duration, ms | 1.00 | 0.99 | 1.00 | 0.115 | 0.99 | 0.99 | 1.00 | 0.041 | 0.99 | 0.98 | 0.99 | <0.001 |
| Medication | ||||||||||||
| Loop diuretics | 1.38 | 0.44 | 4.32 | 0.578 | 2.73 | 0.38 | 19.51 | 0.317 | ||||
| ACEIs/ARA | 0.54 | 0.39 | 0.76 | <0.001 | 0.52 | 0.35 | 0.79 | 0.002 | 1.28 | 0.69 | 2.39 | 0.428 |
| β‐Blockers | 0.87 | 0.66 | 1.14 | 0.309 | 0.81 | 0.57 | 1.13 | 0.215 | 0.91 | 0.62 | 1.33 | 0.612 |
| MRA | 0.90 | 0.69 | 1.16 | 0.410 | 1.01 | 0.73 | 1.40 | 0.949 | 1.25 | 0.88 | 1.77 | 0.210 |
| LVEF, % | 1.00 | 0.98 | 1.01 | 0.462 | 0.99 | 0.97 | 1.01 | 0.211 | 1.01 | 0.99 | 1.02 | 0.404 |
| Creatinine, log μmol/L | 2.20 | 1.72 | 2.82 | <0.001 | 1.92 | 1.38 | 2.67 | <0.001 | 1.93 | 1.34 | 2.76 | <0.001 |
ACEIs indicates angiotensin‐converting enzyme inhibitors; ARA, angiotensin receptor blockers; CABG, coronary artery bypass grafting; CRT‐D, cardiac resynchronization therapy‐defibrillation; HF, heart failure; LBBB, left bundle branch block; LVEF, left ventricular ejection fraction; MRA, mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists; NYHA, New York Heart Association; QUAD, quadripolar left ventricular lead.
Results are expressed as hazard ratios and 95% confidence intervals (CI) from Cox proportional hazards analyses.