Table 5.
Implant‐Related Complications and Re‐Interventions
| All | QUAD | Non‐QUAD | P Valuea | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 847 | 287 | 560 | ||
| Implant‐related complications, n (%) | ||||
| Hematoma treated conservatively | 23 (2.72) | 10 (3.48) | 14 (2.50) | 0.390 |
| Hematoma requiring evacuation | 4 (0.47) | 0 | 4 (0.71) | |
| Pneumothorax treated conservatively | 5 (0.59) | 2 (0.70) | 3 (0.54) | |
| Pneumothorax requiring drainage | 1 (0.12) | 0 | 1 (0.18) | |
| Perforation by RV lead | 2 (0.24) | 1 (0.35) | 1 (0.18) | |
| Coronary sinus dissectionb | 5 (0.59) | 4 (1.39) | 3 (0.54) | |
| Subclavian artery aneurysm | 1 (0.12) | 1 (0.35) | 0 | |
| Arrhythmia requiring cardioversion | 1 (0.12) | 1 (0.35) | 0 | |
| Anemia postprocedure | 1 (0.12) | 0 | 1 (0.18) | |
| Pulmonary edema | 1 (0.12) | 0 | 1 (0.18) | |
| Total, n (%) | 44 (5.19) | 19 (6.62) | 28 (5.00) | |
| Extractions for infection | ||||
| Within 1 y | 8 (1.43) | 3 (1.05) | 5 (0.89) | 0.297 |
| After 1 y | 3 (0.53) | 0 | 3 (0.54) | |
| Total, n (%) | 11 (1.96) | 3 (1.05) | 8 (1.43) | |
| LV lead re‐interventions | ||||
| LV lead displacement | 34 (4.01) | 6 (2.09) | 28 (5.0) | 0.007 |
| Phrenic nerve stimulation | 19 (2.24) | 3 (1.05) | 16 (2.86) | |
| Total | 53 (6.26) | 9 (3.14) | 44 (7.86) | |
RV indicates right ventricular.
a
Refers to χ2 tests of quadripolar (QUAD) compared with non‐QUAD left ventricular (LV) leads.
b
No coronary sinus dissections required re‐interventions.