Table 1.
Patient Characteristics by Sex
| Direct Presenter | Transfers | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Male | Female | P Value | Male | Female | P Value | |
| Demographics | n=12 813 | n=5454 | n=4021 | n=1521 | ||
| Age, y | <0.001 | <0.001 | ||||
| Median | 59 | 66 | 58 | 64 | ||
| Q1–Q3 | 51–67 | 56–78 | 51–66 | 54–75 | ||
| Race, n (%) | 0.114 | 0.651 | ||||
| White | 10 485 (81.8) | 4500 (82.5) | 3349 (83.3) | 1266 (83.2) | ||
| Black | 1428 (11.1) | 617 (11.3) | 362 (9.0) | 146 (9.6) | ||
| Other | 900 (7.0) | 337 (6.2) | 310 (7.7) | 109 (7.2) | ||
| Insurance, n (%) | ||||||
| Private/HMO | 7194 (56.1) | 2806 (51.4) | <0.001 | 2254 (56.1) | 855 (56.2) | 0.013 |
| Medicare | 3860 (30.1) | 2593 (47.5) | <0.001 | 1223 (30.4) | 690 (45.4) | <0.001 |
| Medicaid | 1030 (8.0) | 729 (13.4) | <0.001 | 339 (8.4) | 197 (13.0) | <0.001 |
| None | 2328 (18.2) | 650 (11.9) | <0.001 | 703 (17.5) | 188 (12.4) | <0.001 |
| Other | 2362 (18.4) | 1358 (24.9) | <0.001 | 755 (18.8) | 303 (19.9) | 0.333 |
| Medical history, n (%) | ||||||
| Hypertension | 8139 (63.5) | 3924 (71.9) | <0.001 | 2507 (62.3) | 1047 (68.8) | <0.001 |
| Current/recent smoker | 5262 (41.1) | 1998 (36.6) | <0.001 | 1794 (44.6) | 656 (43.1) | 0.330 |
| Dyslipidemia | 4483 (35.0) | 1973 (36.2) | 0.114 | 1334 (33.2) | 497 (32.7) | 0.200 |
| Chronic lung disease | 605 (4.7) | 470 (8.6) | <0.001 | 234 (5.8) | 127 (8.3) | <0.001 |
| Diabetes mellitus | 3170 (24.7) | 1746 (32.0) | <0.001 | 921 (22.9) | 491 (32.3) | <0.001 |
| Prior MI | 1661 (13.0) | 574 (10.5) | <0.001 | 438 (10.9) | 142 (9.3) | 0.303 |
| Prior heart failure | 370 (2.9) | 261 (4.8) | <0.001 | 103 (2.6) | 54 (3.6) | 0.017 |
| Prior PCI | 1833 (14.3) | 612 (11.2) | <0.001 | 475 (11.8) | 143 (9.4) | 0.057 |
| Prior CABG | 515 (4.0) | 170 (3.1) | 0.003 | 175 (4.4) | 35 (2.3) | 0.001 |
| Presentation | ||||||
| Arrival mode | ||||||
| EMS transport | 8002 (62.5) | 3763 (69.0) | <0.001 | NA | NA | |
| Self‐transport | 4811 (37.5) | 1691 (31.0) | <0.001 | NA | NA | |
| Door‐in to door‐out time, min | <0.0001 | |||||
| Median | NA | NA | 60 | 65 | ||
| Q1–Q3 | NA | NA | 41–97 | 45–112 | ||
| Symptom onset to FMC, min | <0.001 | <0.001 | ||||
| Median | 60 | 70 | 86 | 100 | ||
| Q1–Q3 | 29.0–152.0 | 30.0–184.0 | 45.0–188.0 | 50.5–250.0 | ||
| ED time (min), n (%) | <0.001 | 0.694 | ||||
| ≤20 | 2385 (18.6) | 779 (14.3) | 410 (10.2) | 160 (10.5) | ||
| >20 to ≤30 | 2073 (16.2) | 766 (14.0) | 184 (4.6) | 72 (4.7) | ||
| >30 to ≤45 | 2904 (22.7) | 1145 (21.0) | 614 (15.3) | 236 (15.5) | ||
| >45 | 4376 (34.2) | 2012 (36.9) | 536 (13.3) | 184 (12.1) | ||
| Shock, n (%) | 1026 (8.0) | 502 (9.2) | 0.008 | 307 (7.6) | 158 (10.4) | <0.001 |
| Heart failure, n (%) | 776 (6.1) | 481 (8.8) | <0.001 | 278 (6.9) | 139 (9.1) | 0.005 |
| Reperfusion candidate, n (%) | 12 330 (96.2) | 5098 (93.5) | <0.001 | 3811 (94.8) | 1423 (93.6) | 0.075 |
| Heart rate | 0.002 | 0.002 | ||||
| Median | 79 | 80 | 78 | 80 | ||
| Q1–Q3 | 66–93 | 66–96 | 65–93 | 68–96 | ||
| Systolic BP, mm Hg | <0.001 | 0.087 | ||||
| Median | 140 | 138 | 143 | 142 | ||
| Q1–Q3 | 119–161 | 114–160 | 122–163 | 120–161 | ||
| Complications, n (%) | ||||||
| In‐hospital death | 671 (5.2) | 465 (8.5) | <0.001 | 188 (4.7) | 118 (7.8) | <0.001 |
| Stroke | 78 (0.6) | 57 (1.0) | 0.002 | 35 (0.9) | 16 (1.1) | 0.530 |
| Cardiogenic shock | 948 (7.4) | 502 (9.2) | 0.625 | 282 (7.0) | 139 (9.1) | 0.008 |
| Congestive heart failure | 714 (5.6) | 429 (7.9) | <0.001 | 232 (5.8) | 113 (7.4) | 0.023 |
| Major bleeding | 451 (3.5) | 336 (6.2) | <0.001 | 133 (3.3) | 100 (6.6) | <0.001 |
BP indicates blood pressure; CABG, coronary artery bypass grafting; ED, emergency department; EMS, emergency medical services; FMC, first medical contact; HMO, health maintenance organization; MI, myocardial infarction; NA, not assessed; PCI, percutaneous coronary intervention; Q, quarter.