Table 4.
Univariate Analysis of Complications and Outcomes After ACDF by Anesthesia Group.
| Anesthesia Time | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| All | Group 1, n (%) | Group 2, n (%) | Group 3, n (%) | Group 4, n (%) | Group 5, n (%) | P Value | |
| Complication | 3801 (100) | 761 (20.0) | 760 (20.0) | 760 (20.0) | 760 (20.0) | 760 (20.0) | |
| Any complication | 3.21% | 1.58% | 2.50% | 2.63% | 3.03% | 6.32% | <.0001 |
| Death | 0.26% | 0.00% | 0.26% | 0.39% | 0.13% | 0.53% | .286 |
| Pulmonary complication | 1.37% | 0.26% | 0.79% | 0.66% | 1.58% | 3.55% | <.0001 |
| Renal complication | 0.05% | 0.00% | 0.13% | 0.13% | 0.00% | 0.00% | .557 |
| CNS complication | 0.16% | 0.13% | 0.00% | 0.26% | 0.13% | 0.26% | .674 |
| Peripheral vascular disease | 0.13% | 0.00% | 0.26% | 0.13% | 0.13% | 0.13% | .735 |
| Cardiac complication | 0.21% | 0.00% | 0.39% | 0.13% | 0.00% | 0.53% | .082 |
| Intra-/postoperative blood transfusion | 0.47% | 0.13% | 0.13% | 0.13% | 0.39% | 1.58% | <.0001 |
| Venous thromboembolism | 0.47% | 0.39% | 0.13% | 0.26% | 0.53% | 1.05% | .086 |
| Urinary tract infection | 0.58% | 0.26% | 0.92% | 0.53% | 0.26% | 0.92% | .217 |
| Sepsis | 0.13% | 0.00% | 0.13% | 0.00% | 0.00% | 0.53% | .017 |
| Wound complication | 0.79% | 0.66% | 0.00% | 0.79% | 0.66% | 1.84% | .002 |
| Graft failure | 0.03% | 0.00% | 0.00% | 0.13% | 0.00% | 0.00% | .406 |
| Total length of stay >5 days | 5.63% | 2.10% | 3.03% | 3.68% | 7.37% | 11.97% | <.0001 |
| Return to OR (for any surgical procedure) | 1.87% | 0.92% | 1.45% | 1.71% | 1.84% | 3.42% | .006 |
| Unplanned reoperation (related to initial procedure) | 0.55% | 0.39% | 0.39% | 0.79% | 0.39% | 0.79% | .477 |
| Unplanned readmission (related to initial procedure) | 1.32% | 0.66% | 1.45% | 1.05% | 1.58% | 1.84% | .128 |
Abbreviations: ACDF, anterior cervical discectomy and fusion; CNS, central nervous system; OR, operating room.