Table 4. Effect of Vitamin D Supplementation and Low-Fat Milk Intake on Each Biomarker.

	Baseline to 3 months			Baseline to 6 months
	CON (n = 10)	MKD (n = 10)	P	CON (n = 10)	MKD (n = 10)	P
25(OH)D (ng/mL)
Model 1	-6.33 ± 0.76	-0.32 ± 0.76	< 0.01	-6.12 ± 0.78	-2.21 ± 0.78	< 0.01
Model 2	-6.17 ± 0.83	-0.48 ± 0.83	< 0.01	-5.87 ± 0.85	-2.45 ± 0.85	0.02
Model 3	-6.19 ± 0.96	-0.46 ± 0.96	< 0.01	-5.46 ± 0.95	-2.87 ± 0.95	0.11
PTH (pg/mL)
Model 1	1.17 ± 1.50	-3.87 ± 1.50	0.03	9.91 ± 2.53	3.59 ± 2.53	0.10
Model 2	2.01 ± 1.53	-4.71 ± 1.53	0.01	9.67 ± 2.77	3.83 ± 2.77	0.18
Model 3	1.63 ± 1.65	-4.33 ± 1.65	0.04	7.32 ± 2.43	6.18± 2.43	0.77
TNF-α (pg/mL)
Model 1	0.03 ± 0.08	-0.11 ± 0.08	0.25	-0.07 ± 0.08	-0.19 ± 0.08	0.36
Model 2	0.04 ± 0.10	-0.12 ± 0.10	0.35	-0.10 ± 0.10	-0.16 ± 0.10	0.71
Model 3	-0.03 ± 0.08	-0.05 ± 0.08	0.94	-0.10 ± 0.11	-0.16 ± 0.11	0.77
CTX (ng/mL)
Model 1	-0.13 ± 0.04	-0.13 ± 0.04	0.95	-0.10 ± 0.09	-0.09 ± 0.09	0.92
Model 2	-0.15 ± 0.04	-0.12 ± 0.04	0.60	-0.14 ± 0.09	-0.05 ± 0.09	0.50
Model 3	-0.14 ± 0.04	-0.13 ± 0.04	0.86	-0.15 ± 0.09	-0.04 ± 0.09	0.44
BAP (µg/L)
Model 1	0.31 ± 1.58	-0.53 ± 1.58	0.71	0.85 ± 1.39	0.33 ± 1.39	0.80
Model 2	-0.18 ± 1.72	-0.04 ± 1.72	0.96	0.90 ± 1.54	0.29 ± 1.54	0.80
Model 3	0.25 ± 2.01	-0.47 ± 1.96	0.82	1.05 ± 1.77	0.13 ± 1.77	0.75

Values are represented as mean ± SE. The change in concentration of each biomarker in both groups was compared after each biomarker was adjusted for Baseline values, frequency of menses, and running distance, respectively. Model 1: baseline value. Model 2: baseline value, frequency of menses (baseline value). Model 3: baseline value, frequency of menses (baseline value), running distance (baseline value). MKD: vitamin D supplement + low-fat milk group; CON: control group.