Figure - PMC

Skip to main content

An official website of the United States government

Here's how you know

Here's how you know

Official websites use .gov
A .gov website belongs to an official government organization in the United States.

Secure .gov websites use HTTPS
A lock ( ) or https:// means you've safely connected to the .gov website. Share sensitive information only on official, secure websites.

View full-text article in PMC

. 2017 Nov 3;7(11):e017402. doi: 10.1136/bmjopen-2017-017402

Search in PMC
Search in PubMed
View in NLM Catalog
Add to search

© Article author(s) (or their employer(s) unless otherwise stated in the text of the article) 2017. All rights reserved. No commercial use is permitted unless otherwise expressly granted.

This is an Open Access article distributed in accordance with the Creative Commons Attribution Non Commercial (CC BY-NC 4.0) license, which permits others to distribute, remix, adapt, build upon this work non-commercially, and license their derivative works on different terms, provided the original work is properly cited and the use is non-commercial. See: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/

PMC Copyright notice

Model of transmission of extended-spectrum beta-lactamase-producing Enterobacteriaceae (ESBL-PE) between patients through contacts with healthcare workers (HCWs) and impact of infection control measures in the transmission process. Solid lines represent the transitions between population groups and dashed lines represent the transmission between patients and HCWs. (A) Impact of universal (horizontal) control measures: (1) hand hygiene (HH) (reduces the transmission among patients and HCWs); (2) antibiotic restriction (reduces the risk of transmission from colonised patients receiving antibiotics to HCWs or from contaminated HCWs to uncolonised patients receiving antibiotics). (B) Impact of targeted (vertical) control measures: screening of patients on intensive care unit admission and identification of patients who had positive screening results (patients surrounded be a shaded box). Implementation of: (1) contact precautions (HH reduces the transmission from identified ESBL-PE carriers to HCWs); (2) cohorting of identified ESBL-PE carriers and attribution of a dedicated HCW (prevents the transmission from cohorted patients to other HCWs and patients). Note that we included two categories of colonised patients: (1) who had false-negative admission screening results and (2) who had positive admission screening results (patients surrounded by a shaded box).