Table 2.
Results of cost-effectiveness analysis
| Strategy | No of ICU admissions | Total cost/100 admissions (€) | Cost of infections/100 admissions (€) | Cost of intervention/100 admissions (€) | Infections due to ESBL-PE/100 admissions | Incremental cost/100 admissions (ΔC) (€) | Incremental effect (ΔE) (infections avoided/100 admissions) | ICER (ΔC/ΔE) (€/infection avoided) |
| 2: HH 80%/80% | 573 | 80 556 | 54 916 | 25 639 | 2.9 | – | – | – |
| 7: HH 80%/80%+ATB reduction | 581 | 88 498 | 51 840 | 36 657 | 2.7 | 7 942* | 0.1619* | 49 055* |
| 10: Screening+cohorting+ATB reduction | 584 | 94 313 | 50 058 | 44 255 | 2.6 | 5 815† | 0.0938† | 61 994† |
| 3: HH 55%/80% | 548 | 84 751 | 66 773 | 17 978 | 3.5 | Dominated‡ | ||
| 6: Screening+cohorting | 575 | 86 713 | 53 278 | 33 435 | 2.8 | Dominated§ | ||
| 8: HH 55%/80%+ATB reduction | 565 | 88 621 | 59 445 | 29 176 | 3.1 | Dominated‡ | ||
| 9: Screening+contact precautions+ATB reduction | 546 | 94 309 | 67 560 | 26 749 | 3.6 | Dominated‡ | ||
| 5: Screening+contact precautions | 519 | 96 716 | 81 582 | 15 134 | 4.3 | Dominated‡ | ||
| 4: ATB reduction | 528 | 100 128 | 77 641 | 22 486 | 4.1 | Dominated‡ | ||
| 1: Base case | 498 | 105 344 | 94 792 | 10 552 | 5.0 | Dominated‡ |
*Relative to strategy 2.
†Relative to strategy 7.
‡Dominated: a strategy is dominated when it has higher cost and lower health benefit than another strategy.
§Dominated by extended dominance: strategy is dominated by extended dominance if the linear combination of other strategies produces greater benefit at lower cost.
ATB, antibiotic; ESBL-PE, extended-spectrum beta-lactamase-producing Enterobacteriaceae; HH, hand hygiene; ICER, incremental cost-effectiveness ratios; ICU, intensive care unit.