Table 1.
Baseline demographics of young adults (aged 18 to 39 years) with incident hypertension by encounter interval (N = 2990)
| Total population (N = 2990) | By encounter interval | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| <1 mo (n = 402) | 1–2 mo (n = 568) | 2–3 mo (n = 463) | 3–6 mo (n = 768) | >6 mo (n = 789) | P value | ||
| Patient characteristics | |||||||
| Age, mean (SD) | 32 (5.4) | 32 (5.1) | 32 (5.4) | 32 (5.2) | 32 (5.4) | 31 (5.6) | .06 |
| Men, No. (%) | 1763 (59) | 164 (41) | 254 (45) | 263 (57) | 489 (64) | 593 (75) | <.001 |
| Race/ethnicity, No. (%) | <.001 | ||||||
| White | 2474 (83) | 313 (78) | 460 (81) | 370 (80) | 650 (85) | 681 (86) | |
| Nonwhitea | 516 (17) | 89 (22) | 108 (19) | 93 (20) | 118 (15) | 108 (14) | |
| Marital status, No. (%) | .06 | ||||||
| Single/divorced/widowed | 1642 (55) | 227 (56) | 337 (59) | 260 (56) | 399 (52) | 419 (53) | |
| Married/partnered | 1348 (45) | 175 (44) | 231 (41) | 203 (44) | 369 (48) | 370 (47) | |
| Primary spoken language, No. (%) | <.001 | ||||||
| English | 2738 (92) | 370 (92) | 547 (96) | 441 (95) | 723 (94) | 657 (83) | |
| Other | 252 (8.4) | 32 (8.0) | 21 (3.7) | 22 (4.8) | 45 (5.9) | 132 (17) | |
| Tobacco use, No. (%) | .16 | ||||||
| Current tobacco use | 660 (22) | 94 (23) | 134 (24) | 114 (25) | 148 (19) | 170 (22) | |
| Never/former tobacco use | 2330 (78) | 308 (77) | 434 (76) | 349 (75) | 620 (81) | 619 (78) | |
| BMI, mean (SD), kg/m2 | 33 (8.6) | 33 (9.0) | 34 (9.1) | 34 (9.4) | 33 (8.2) | 33 (7.7) | .18 |
| BMI categories, No. (%) | .66 | ||||||
| BMI <25 kg/m2 | 361 (12) | 58 (14) | 75 (13) | 51 (11) | 85 (11) | 92 (12) | |
| BMI 25–29 kg/m2 | 724 (24) | 97 (24) | 141 (25) | 119 (26) | 187 (24) | 180 (23) | |
| BMI ≥30 kg/m2 | 1905 (64) | 247 (61) | 352 (62) | 293 (63) | 496 (65) | 517 (66) | |
| On Medicaid ever,b No. (%) | 524 (18) | 117 (29) | 134 (24) | 91 (20) | 101 (13) | 81 (10) | <.001 |
| JNC 7 hypertension stage,c No. (%) | <.001 | ||||||
| Stage 1: 140–159/90–99 mm Hg | 2317 (77) | 337 (84) | 456 (80) | 365 (79) | 597 (78) | 562 (71) | |
| Stage 2: ≥160–179/≥100 mm Hg | 673 (23) | 65 (16) | 112 (20) | 98 (21) | 171 (22) | 227 (29) | |
| Baseline SBP tertiles, No. (%) | <.001 | ||||||
| Lowest SBP tertile | 1051 (35) | 173 (43) | 217 (38) | 173 (37) | 242 (32) | 246 (31) | |
| Middle SBP tertile | 943 (32) | 126 (31) | 171 (30) | 152 (33) | 250 (33) | 244(31) | |
| Highest SBP tertile | 996 (33) | 103 (26) | 180 (32) | 138 (29) | 276 (36) | 299(38) | |
| Baseline DBP tertiles, No. (%) | .02 | ||||||
| Lowest DBP tertile | 1079 (36) | 157 (39) | 195 (34) | 171 (37) | 274 (36) | 282 (36) | |
| Middle DBP tertile | 993 (33) | 148 (37) | 202 (36) | 149 (32) | 262 (34) | 232 (29) | |
| Highest DBP tertile | 918 (31) | 97 (24) | 171 (30) | 143 (31) | 232 (30) | 275 (35) | |
| Baseline comorbid conditions, No. (%) | |||||||
| Hyperlipidemia | 240 (8.0) | 49 (12) | 38 (6.7) | 45 (9.7) | 64 (8.3) | 44 (5.6) | .001 |
| Diabetes mellitus | 93 (3.1) | 19 (4.7) | 20 (3.5) | 20 (4.3) | 25 (3.3) | 9 (1.1) | .003 |
| Anxiety and/or depression | 738 (25) | 166 (41) | 173 (30) | 112 (24) | 163 (21) | 124 (16) | <.001 |
| Low prevalence conditionsd | 335 (11) | 88 (22) | 89 (16) | 59 (13) | 64 (8.3) | 35 (4.4) | <.001 |
| ACGe score, young, mean (SD) | 1.1 (1.2) | 1.8 (1.9) | 1.3 (1.4) | 1.1 (1.2) | 0.8 (0.9) | 0.7 (0.6) | <.001 |
| ACGe score tertiles, young, No. (%) | <.001 | ||||||
| Lowest ACG tertile | 1035 (35) | 52 (13) | 119 (21) | 129 (28) | 323 (42) | 412 (52) | |
| Middle ACG tertile | 959 (32) | 124 (31) | 180 (32) | 160 (35) | 252 (33) | 243 (31) | |
| Highest ACG tertile | 996 (33) | 226 (56) | 269 (47) | 174 (38) | 193 (25) | 134 (17) | |
| Baseline annual ambulatory visit count, all visits, mean (SD) | |||||||
| Primary care visits | 2.5 (2.5) | 4.2 (3.6) | 2.9 (2.5) | 2.5 (2.3) | 2.0 (1.9) | 1.7 (1.7) | <.001 |
| Specialty care visits | 1.3 (1.8) | 2.6 (2.9) | 1.5 (1.9) | 1.2 (1.6) | 1.0 (1.3) | 0.7 (1.0) | <.001 |
| Urgent care visits | 0.9 (1.4) | 1.6 (2.1) | 1.0 (1.5) | 0.9 (1.4) | 0.7 (1.2) | 0.6 (0.9) | <.001 |
| Provider characteristics | |||||||
| Specialty providing majority of ambulatory care, No. (%) | .02 | ||||||
| Internal medicine | 828 (28) | 121 (30) | 186 (33) | 130 (28) | 203 (26) | 188 (24) | |
| Family medicine/family practice | 1742 (58) | 231 (57) | 317 (56) | 268 (58) | 444 (58) | 482 (61) | |
| Otherf | 420 (14) | 50 (12) | 65 (11) | 65 (14) | 121 (16) | 119 (15) | |
| Provider age,g mean (SD) | 43 (10) | 43 (10) | 43 (11) | 43 (11) | 43 (10) | 43 (10) | .42 |
| Female provider, No. (%) | 1361 (46) | 216 (54) | 300 (53) | 226 (49) | 322 (42) | 297 (38) | <.001 |
Abbreviations: BMI, body mass index; DBP, diastolic blood pressure; JNC 7, Seventh Report of the Joint National Committee on Prevention, Detection, Evaluation, and Treatment of High Blood Pressure; SBP, systolic blood pressure. Bolded P values are statistically significant.
Nonwhite: black (8.3%), Hispanic/Latino (3.2%), Asian (1.6%), Native Hawaiian/Pacific Islander (1.0%), American Indian/Alaska Native (0.54), and unknown (2.8%).
On Medicaid at any point during the baseline or study period.
Severity of blood pressure elevation at study entry.
Chronic kidney disease (0.6%), neurologic conditions (1.9%), anemia (0.6%), chronic pulmonary disease (5.2%), thyroid disorders (2.3%), rheumatologic disorders (0.5%), and inflammatory bowel disease (0.4%).
Adjusted Clinical Group (ACG) case‐mix assessment system.
Pediatrics/adolescent medicine and obstetrics/gynecology.
The American Medical Association (AMA) is the source for the raw physician data (provider ages only); statistics, tables, or tabulations were prepared by User‐Customer (M. Smith; PI: H. Johnson) using 2011 AMA Masterfile data.