Table 1.
Baseline Characteristics, Clinical Presentation, and Provoking Conditions
| Variable | Type 1 MI (n=137) |
Type 2 MI (n=146) |
Myocardial Injury (n=175) |
P1† | P2* |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Baseline Characteristics | |||||
| Age, mean ± SD, y | 70.9 ± 12.7 | 74.3 ± 12.2 | 74.9 ± 12.2 | 0.02 | 0.67 |
| Male, n (%) | 130 (94.9) | 144 (98.6) | 170 (97.1) | 0.07 | 0.36 |
| Race, n (%) | 0.29 | 0.75 | |||
| White | 83 (60.6) | 82 (56.2) | 95 (54.3) | ||
| Black | 40 (29.2) | 54 (37.0) | 64 (36.6) | ||
| Other | 14 (10.2) | 10 (6.8) | 16 (9.1) | ||
| Tobacco Use (Former or Current), n (%) | 89 (65.0) | 96 (65.8) | 100 (57.1) | 0.89 | 0.12 |
| Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease, n (%) | 31 (22.6) | 32 (21.9) | 42 (24.0) | 0.89 | 0.66 |
| Hypertension, n (%) | 118 (86.1) | 128 (87.7) | 149 (85.1) | 0.7 | 0.51 |
| Dyslipidemia, n (%) | 98 (71.5) | 102 (69.9) | 114 (65.1) | 0.75 | 0.37 |
| Diabetes Mellitus, n (%) | 61 (44.5) | 58 (39.7) | 73 (41.7) | 0.41 | 0.72 |
| Chronic Kidney Disease (eGFR<60), n (%) | 41 (29.9) | 41 (28.1) | 37 (21.1) | 0.73 | 0.15 |
| End Stage Renal Disease, n (%) | 7 (5.1) | 7 (4.8) | 12 (6.9) | 0.92 | 0.43 |
| Prior Myocardial Infarction, n (%) | 26 (19.0) | 28 (19.2) | 19 (10.9) | 0.92 | 0.04 |
| Prior Coronary Artery Bypass Surgery, n (%) | 21 (15.3) | 27 (18.5) | 15 (8.6) | 0.48 | 0.009 |
| Prior Percutaneous Coronary Intervention, n (%) | 31 (22.6) | 25 (17.1) | 20 (11.4) | 0.25 | 0.14 |
| Prior Heart Failure, n (%) | 61 (44.5) | 75 (51.4) | 63 (36.0) | 0.25 | 0.006 |
| Peripheral Artery Disease, n (%) | 13 (9.5) | 11 (7.5) | 6 (3.4) | 0.55 | 0.10 |
| History of Malignancy, n (%) | 30 (21.9) | 51 (34.9) | 63 (36.0) | 0.02 | 0.84 |
| Clinical Presentation | |||||
| Peak troponin (ng/mL), median (IQR) | 3.79 (0.54 – 11.60) | 0.34 (0.14 – 1.72) | 0.15 (0.10 – 0.40) | <0.001 | <0.001 |
| Universal Definition of MI Criteria, n (%) | |||||
| Chest pain and/or ischemic symptoms | 128 (93.4%) | 46 (31.5) | 0 (0) | <0.001 | - |
| Ischemic ECG changes^ | 89 (65.0%) | 85 (58.2) | 0 (0) | 0.24 | - |
| Imaging loss of viable myocardium OR new regional wall motion abnormality | 57 (41.6%) | 75 (51.4) | 0 (0) | 0.09 | - |
| Intracoronary thrombus (at angiography or autopsy) | 84 (61.3%) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0) | <0.001 | - |
| Multiple criteria fulfilled | 91 (66.4%) | 66 (45.2) | 0 (0) | <0.001 | - |
| Provoking Conditions, n (%) | |||||
| Tachyarrhythmia | 0 (0) | 43 (29.5) | 67 (38.3) | - | 0.10 |
| Severe hypertension | 0 (0) | 29 (19.9) | 41 (23.4) | - | 0.44 |
| Sepsis | 0 (0) | 23 (15.8) | 35 (20.0) | - | 0.33 |
| Severe Anemia | 0 (0) | 29 (19.9) | 35 (20.0) | - | 0.92 |
| Hypotension | 0 (0) | 20 (13.7) | 27 (15.4) | - | 0.66 |
| Respiratory Failure | 0 (0) | 25 (17.1) | 23 (13.1) | - | 0.32 |
| Bradyarrhythmia | 0 (0) | 10 (6.8) | 9 (5.1) | - | 0.52 |
| Noncardiac Surgery | 0 (0) | 8 (5.5) | 30 (17.1) | - | 0.001 |
| Multiple provoking conditions | 0 (0) | 62 (42.5) | 70 (40.0) | - | 0.65 |
†
P1: P-value for the comparison of type 2 MI versus type 1 MI
*
P2: P-value for the comparison of type 2 MI versus myocardial injury
^
Includes ST segment changes, T-wave Inversions, new LBBB, Pathologic Q waves