Table 2.
Summary of the injectable hydrogels in ophthalmic applications
| Disease or Disorder | Hydrogels | Treatment | Feature |
|---|---|---|---|
| Corneal abrasion and Keratoconus | PEG[49] | Doxycycline delivery | Cornea healing, MMP-9 reduced |
| PLGA-PEG-PLGA[50] | Wound healing | High gelation concentration, facilitate cell migration | |
| CHC[51] | Stem cells treatment | Facilitated wound healing | |
| PEG-YRGDS[53] | Regeneration | Improve ECM production | |
| Cataracts | ReSure (I-Zip)[55] | Sealant | Transparent |
| PEG-PVP-PVA[58] | Low swelling, low refractive index | ||
| Tissucol (Fibrin) | Topical use only | ||
| Glaucoma | PNIPAAm-chitosan[31] | Timolol Maleate/Pilocarpine/Kelton delivery | Sustained delivery |
| PNIPAAm-gelatin[64] | Sustained release | ||
| Chitosan-gelatin[26] | Safe in situ crosslinking | ||
| Alginate[35] | Alginate residue have effects | ||
| Chitosan [32] | Latanoprost delivery | Shear reversible | |
| PNIPAM [65] | Epinephrine delivery | Limited release period | |
| Alginate-RGD[67] | Stem cells treatment | Upregulate ganglion cell marker expression | |
| Retinal detachment | Polyacrylamide[69] | Space filling | Transparent and stable |
| PVA[70] | FCVB carrier | Long-term support | |
| PEG-MA[71] | Space filling and retinal support | Inflammation | |
| PEG-MA[72] | Stable | ||
| UV crosslinked HA-[73] | Space filling | Cytotoxicity | |
| Tetra-arm PEG[74] | Non-swelling and stable for 1 year | ||
| Retinitis pigmentosa | Pluronic F-127[33] | Vector delivery | High transduction, but limited biocompatibility |
| PEG-PLL[78] | Stem cells treatment | Potential for retinal ganglion regeneration | |
| DBA-NAS-AA-PNIPAAm[79] | Drug delivery | Stable, slow gelation | |
| Adipic acid-dextran[80] | Must be tested in vivo | ||
| HAMC-HA[83, 84] | Stem cells or RPE cells delivery | High transplantation efficacy, need further study | |
| Collagen-PNIPAAm/HA-PNIPAAm [85, 86] | Improve cell viability, need further study | ||
| Diabetic retinopathy | Fibrin-peptides[88] | Heparin-growth factor delivery | Slowed release, regeneration |
| ECM[89] | Facilitate regeneration | ||
| HAMC[84] | Stem cells treatment | Potential for RPC delivery | |
| p(NIPAM-NAC)[91] | |||
| Age-related macular degeneration | PEOX-PCL-PEOX[100] | Anti-VEGF antibody delivery | Prevent worsening of wet AMD |
| ESHU[45] | Retention compared to bolus injection | ||
| Four-arm PEG [101] | Sustained 14 days release | ||
| Alginate[102] | Sustained release, rate related to alginate ratio | ||
| HA-Dextran[103] | Long term release | ||
| Agarose[104] | Light controlled release from AuNP | ||
| Collagen, alginate and chitosan[81, 83]. | RPE and stem cells transplant | Pre- and clinical trial in progress | |
| Inflammation | Hyaluronic acid[107] | Rhodamine-conjugated liposomes delivery | Prolonged release |
| PEG-PCL-PEG[108] | Antibiotics delivery | Problem in IOP and cornea wear | |
| Intraocular cancers | Poloxamer[111] | Chemotherapy | Nanoscale formation |
| CMCS[27] | Extended delivery | ||
| Other | Block copolymers[113] | Ionphoresis | Extend release time |
| GSSG-HA[24] | Stem cells treatment | Early research |