Table 2.
Attitudes, Perceived Behavioral Control and Norms Phase I Focus Group Sample (n=30)
| Talk Hand-held | Talk Hands-free | Texting | Accessing Internet | Passenger Interaction | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| M (sd)a | M (sd)a | M (sd)a | M (sd)a | M (sd)a | |
|
| |||||
| n (%) | n (%) | n (%) | n (%) | n (%) | |
|
| |||||
| Attitudes: How do you feel about…while driving? | 2.03 (0.81) | 3.23 (0.94) | 1.20 (0.48) | 1.57 (0.82) | 3.37 (0.93) |
| 1=very bad idea | 8 (26.7%) | 2 (6.7%) | 25 (83.3%) | 18 (60%) | 1 (3.3%) |
| 2=bad idea | 14 (46.7%) | 2 (6.7%) | 4 (13.3%) | 8 (26.7%) | 2 (6.7%) |
| 3=in the middle | 7 (23.3%) | 15 (50%) | 1 (3.3%) | 3 (10%) | 16 (53.3%) |
| 4=good idea | 1 (3.3%) | 9 (30%) | 0 | 1 (3.3%) | 7 (23.3%) |
| 5=very good idea | 0 | 2 (6.7%) | 0 | 0 | 4 (13.3%) |
|
| |||||
| PBC: How easy or hard is it to…while driving? | 2.80 (1.13) | 3.77 (0.86) | 1.80 (1.0) | 1.90 (1.10) | 4.07 (0.91) |
| 1=very hard | 3 (10%) | 0 | 16 (53.3%) | 14 (46.7%) | 1 (3.3%) |
| 2=hard | 11 (36.7%) | 1 (3.3%) | 6 (20%) | 9 (30%) | 0 |
| 3=in the middle | 7 (23.3%) | 12 (40%) | 6 (20%) | 4 (13.3%) | 5 (16.7%) |
| 4=easy | 7 (23.3%) | 10 (33.3%) | 2 (6.7%) | 2 (6.7%) | 14 (46.7%) |
| 5=very easy | 2 (6.7%) | 7 (23.3%) | 0 | 1 (3.3%) | 10 (33.3%) |
|
| |||||
| Subjective Norms: Would most people who are important to you approve or disapprove of you…while driving? | 1.87 (0.78) | 3.27 (0.91) | 1.07 (0.25) | 1.37 (0.77) | 3.27 (0.87) |
| 1=strongly disapprove | 10 (33.3%) | 2 (6.7%) | 28 (93.3%) | 23 (76.7%) | 2 (6.7%) |
| 2=disapprove | 15 (50%) | 3 (10%) | 2 (6.7%) | 4 (13.3%) | 2 (6.7%) |
| 3=in the middle | 4 (13.3%) | 10 (33.3%) | 0 | 2 (6.7%) | 12 (40%) |
| 4=approve | 1 (3.3%) | 15 (50%) | 0 | 1 (3.3%) | 14 (46.7%) |
| 5=strongly approve | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
|
| |||||
| Intentions: Sum of items about likelihood, being sure and plan | 7.23 (3.16) | 9.60 (3.59) | 7.97 (3.83)* | 6.03 (3.71) | 8.4 (1.57)** |
| α=0.91 | α=0.92 | α=0.92 | α=0.97 | α=0.85 | |
| How likely while driving? | |||||
| 1=very unlikely | 8 (26.7%) | 6 (20%) | 13 (43.3%) | 17 (56.7%) | 0 |
| 2=unlikely | 13 (43.3%) | 6 (20%) | 9 (30%) | 4 (13.3%) | 1 (3.3%) |
| 3=in the middle | 3 (10%) | 4 (13.3%) | 2 (6.7%) | 5 (16.7%) | 2 (6.7%) |
| 4=likely | 5 (16.7%) | 9 (30%) | 6 (20%) | 3 (10%) | 14 (46.7%) |
| 5=very likely | 1 (3.3%) | 5 (16.7%) | 0 | 1 (3.3%) | 13 (43.3%) |
| I am sure (answer call/respond/read/access internet) while driving. | Read/Respond* | ||||
| 1=disagree strongly | 6 (20%) | 1 (3.3%) | 10 (33.3%)/16 (53.3%) | 14 (46.7%) | NA |
| 2=disagree | 9 (30%) | 3 (10%) | 4 (13.3%)/8 (26.7%) | 6 (20%) | NA |
| 3=in the middle | 8 (26.7%) | 9 (30%) | 12 (40%)/5 (16.7%) | 4 (13.3%) | NA |
| 4=agree | 5 (16.7%) | 10 (33.3%) | 3 (10%)/1 (3.3%) | 5 (16.7%) | NA |
| 5=agree strongly | 2 (6.7%) | 7 (23.3%) | 1 (3.3%)/0 | 1 (3.3%) | NA |
| I plan to ….in the next month. | |||||
| 1=disagree strongly | 7 (23.3%) | 5 (16.7%) | 15 (50%) | 16 (53.5%) | 0 |
| 2=disagree | 11 (36.7%) | 8 (26.7%) | 7 (23.3%) | 4 (13.3%) | 2 (6.7%) |
| 3=in the middle | 7 (23.3%) | 5 (16.7%) | 5 (16.7%) | 5 (16.7%) | 5 (16.7%) |
| 4=agree | 4 (13.3%) | 8 (26.7%) | 3 (10%) | 3 (10%) | 11 (36.7%) |
| 5=agree strongly | 1 (3.3%) | 4 (13.3%) | 0 | 2 (6.7%) | 12 (40%) |
Note:
*
4 items for texting intentions (one item about being sure to read and one item about being sure to respond)
**
2 items for passenger (being sure not asked of participants);
a
Mean and standard deviation are reported for overall constructs in italics