Table 4.

Amounts of D-serine in the tissues and physiological fluids of wild-type mice and mutant mice lacking DAO activity.

Tissues or physiological fluids	Wild-type mice (nmol/g or mL)	Mutant mice (nmol/g or mL)	References
Cerebrum	423.2	424.5	Morikawa et al., 2001
	300.0	306.1	Miyoshi et al., 2009
Hippocampus	341.5	300.3	Morikawa et al., 2001
	268.8	273.3	Miyoshi et al., 2009
Olfactory bulb	104.4	98.1	Miyoshi et al., 2009
Hypothalamus	105.2	147.1	Morikawa et al., 2001
	127.4	175.5**	Miyoshi et al., 2009
Pituitary gland	3.4	10.0	Morikawa et al., 2001
	8.4	16.3**	Miyoshi et al., 2009
Pineal gland	23.5a	18.9a	Morikawa et al., 2001
Cerebellum#	11.7	168.9**	Morikawa et al., 2001
	3.7	134.1**	Miyoshi et al., 2009
Medulla oblongata#	8.7	102.8**	Morikawa et al., 2001
	13.8	125.7**	Miyoshi et al., 2009
Spinal cord#	6.4	58.1**	Miyoshi et al., 2012
Serum	2.1	11.6**	Morikawa et al., 2001
	2.5	5.9**	Miyoshi et al., 2009
	3.7	10.8b**	Sasabe et al., 2014b
Plasma	3.5	10.8c	Rais et al., 2012
Urine	54.1	486.1**	Miyoshi et al., 2009
Liver	21.9	31.7	Miyoshi et al., 2009
Kidney#	15.0	179.9**	Miyoshi et al., 2009
Pancreas	34.8	93.4**	Miyoshi et al., 2009

The literature since 2001 has been compiled in this table. The values represent means and are obtained from ddY/DAO⁻ mice unless otherwise stated.

^aValues represent pmol/whole tissues.

^bValues obtained from serum of ^B6DAO^−/−mice.

^cValues obtained from plasma of DAO-KO mice.

^#denotes tissues where DAO is present.

^**P < 0.01 compared with wild-type mice.