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. 2017 Dec 8;8:2010. doi: 10.1038/s41467-017-01847-z

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© The Author(s) 2017

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Fig. 1 — Tectonics and geology of the Andes region. a Tectonic map showing the current plate velocities, the Andes mountain belt, Jurassic-Early Cretaceous extension in the Andean region⁹, the Jurassic magmatic arc (Methods section) and the present magmatic arc. Note that the five transects (A-A’, B-B’, C-C’, D-D’, E-E’) are shown in e. b, c Evolution of the magmatic arc position in Northern Chile (21°–26°S, based on Scheuber et al.⁸) and Peru (simplified from Jaillard and Soler¹¹). d Trench-parallel variation in Andean shortening. Continuous black line is based on balanced cross-sections and Eocene-present tectonic reconstruction¹⁹, dotted grey line is based on Eocene-present tectonic reconstruction¹⁸, dashed black line is based on crustal thickness (assuming an original thickness of 40 km)¹⁷, and Central Andes data point is based on structural mapping of Late Cretaceous-present deformation¹². e Profiles showing the crustal thickness in five locations (see a) along the Andes (derived from the crustal thickness map of Chulick et al.²⁰)