Table 4.
Demographic and clinical characteristics of patients before and after CPAP therapy by ESS group
| Sleepy (n = 13) | Non-sleepy (n = 21) | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Variables | Before CPAP | After CPAP | Before CPAP | After CPAP |
| Age | 55.08 (6.2) | – | 55.19 (9.0) | – |
| BMI | 31.5 (3.6) | 31.1 (3.4) | 31.1 (4.4) | 31.3 (4.5) |
| Smoking, n (%) | 2 (15.3%) | – | 5 (23.8%) | – |
| ESS# | 13 (1.8)* | 5.9 (3.3)* | 5.5 (2.4)* | 4.1 (2.0)* |
| AHI (events/h)# | 44.8 (19.0)* | 4.0 (3.0)* | 29.7 (15.7)* | 1.9 (1,2)* |
| ODI (events/h)# | 35.8 (21.4) | – | 19.2 (16.6) | – |
| Mean SaO2 (%) | 91.2 (2.4) | – | 92.6 (1.7) | – |
| Lower SaO2 (%)# | 71 (7.6) | – | 77.1 (8.3) | – |
| SaO2 < 90% (%)# | 26.9 (22.8) | – | 12.1 (12.7) | – |
| Total chol, mg/dl | 199.4 (34.0) | 188.4 (42.5) | 200.5 (34.3) | 186.5 (30.5) |
| HDL-cholesterol, mg/dl | 44.7 (12.0) | 44.8 (12.1) | 44.0 (9.1) | 44.3 (10,3) |
| LDL-cholesterol, mg/dl | 128.3 (31.6) | 122.5 (33.1) | 135.4 (28.6)* | 120.6 (30.0)* |
| Triglycerides, mg/dl | 117.7 (37.7) | 120.1 (64.4) | 154.3 (56.0) | 132.1 (56.9) |
| Glucose, mg/dl | 101.4 (11.8) | 97.2 (13.9) | 96.8 (13.1) | 98.9 (10.2) |
| HbA1c, % | 5.7 (0.4) | 5.9 (0.4) | 5.7 (0.4) | 5.8 (0.3) |
| 24 h SBP (mm Hg) | 128.8 (9.8) | 125.0 (9.2) | 130.6 (11.2) | 130.3 (10.8) |
| 24 h DBP (mm Hg) | 83.7 (7.7)* | 78.7 (5.9)* | 81.5 (6.7) | 79.6 (6.9) |
| Pulse pressure (mm Hg) | 45.2 (4.6) | 46.3 (6.9) | 49.1 (8.6) | 50.7 (8.7) |
| 24 h MBP (mm Hg) | 97.9 (8.5)* | 92.8 (6.4)* | 97.1 (7.6) | 96.4 (7.5) |
| Dt SBP (mm Hg) | 133.3 (9.4) | 127.6 (9.5) | 134.8 (11.6) | 133.9 (11.3) |
| Dt DBP (mm Hg) | 86.5 (7.8)* | 80.9 (6.4)* | 84.5 (7.1)* | 82.1 (7.4)* |
| Nt SBP (mm Hg) | 117.8 (11.9) | 116.7 (9.5) | 118.0 (13.4) | 116.1 (9.8) |
| Nt DBP (mm Hg) | 74.1 (9.2) | 71.0 (5.7) | 70.7 (9.1) | 69.4 (6.2) |
| Hypertension, n (%) | 11 (84.6%) | – | 16 (76.2%) | – |
| Hypertensive drugs, n (%) | 8 (61.5%) | – | 13 (61.9%) | – |
| Dyslipidemia, n (%) | 11(84.6%) | – | 17 (81.0%) | – |
| Lipid lowering drugs, n (%) | 5 (38.5%) | – | 9 (42.9%) | – |
| MetS n (%) | 8 (61.5%) | – | 14 (66.7%) | – |
| cf-PWV (m/s) | 12.5 (1.9)*§ | 11.3 (1.6)* | 12.1 (2.6)£ | 12.04 (2.0) |
Results are expressed as mean (standard deviation); ESS Epworth Sleepiness Scale, AHI apnea/hypopnea index, ODI oxygen desaturation index, SaO 2 arterial oxygen saturation, SaO 2 < 90% time under 90%, HDL high density lipoprotein, LDL low density lipoprotein, SBP systolic blood pressure, DBP diastolic blood pressure, Dt day-time, Nt night-time, MetS metabolic syndrome, cf-PWV carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity; # p < 0.05 comparison between sleepy and non-sleepy groups, at baseline (Mann-Whitney test); * p < 0.05 comparison between before and after CPAP, in each ESS group (Wilcoxon signed rank test), for cf-PWV (m/s): §p = 0.012; £p = 0.779, in sleepy and non-sleepy group, respectively