Table 2.

Differential expression of connexins in retinal cell types affected in diabetic retinopathy

Cell Type	Types of Connexins Present	Connexins Altered Under High Glucose/Diabetic Conditions	References
Endothelial Cells	Cx37 Cx40 Cx43 Cx30.2	Cx43 ↓	(Fernandes, Girao & Pereira, 2004) (Manasson, Tien, Moore, Kumar & Roy, 2013) (Sato, Haimovici, Kao, Li & Roy, 2002) (Tien, Barrette, Chronopoulos & Roy, 2013)
Pericytes	Cx37 Cx40 Cx43	Cx43 ↓	(Durham, Dulmovits, Cronk, Sheets & Herman, 2015) (Li, Sato, Haimovici, Okamoto & Roy, 2003)
Müller Cells	Cx43	Cx43 ↓	(Ball & McReynolds, 1998) (Bruckner, Grosche, Pannicke, Wiedemann, Reichenbach & Bringmann, 2012) (Muto, Tien, Kim, Sarthy & Roy, 2014) (Zahs & Ceelen, 2006)
Astrocytes	Cx26 Cx43	Cx26 ↓ Cx43 ↓	(Ly, Yee, Vessey, Phipps, Jobling & Fletcher, 2011) (Zahs & Ceelen, 2006)
Rod Cells	Cx36	Unknown	(Deans, Volgyi, Goodenough, Bloomfield & Paul, 2002) (Dedek, Schultz, Pieper, Dirks, Maxeiner, Willecke, Weiler & Janssen-Bienhold, 2006) (Li, Zhang, Blackburn, Wang, Ribelayga & O’Brien, 2013)
Cone Cells	Cx36	Unknown	(Li, Zhang, Blackburn, Wang, Ribelayga & O’Brien, 2013)
Ganglion Cells	Cx30.2 Cx36 Cx43 Cx45	Unknown	(Hansen, Torborg, Elstrott & Feller, 2005) (Hidaka, Kato & Miyachi, 2002) (Muller, Dedek, Janssen-Bienhold, Meyer, Kreuzberg, Lorenz, Willecke & Weiler, 2010) (Pan, Paul, Bloomfield & Volgyi, 2010) (Schubert, Degen, Willecke, Hormuzdi, Monyer & Weiler, 2005) (Sohl, Guldenagel, Traub & Willecke, 2000)
Bipolar Cells	Cx36 Cx45	Unknown	(Deans, Volgyi, Goodenough, Bloomfield & Paul, 2002) (Dedek, Schultz, Pieper, Dirks, Maxeiner, Willecke, Weiler & Janssen-Bienhold, 2006) (Hansen, Torborg, Elstrott & Feller, 2005) (Lin, Jakobs & Masland, 2005) (Maxeiner, Dedek, Janssen-Bienhold, Ammermuller, Brune, Kirsch, Pieper, Degen, Kruger, Willecke & Weiler, 2005)
Amacrine Cells	Cx36 Cx45	Unknown	(Deans, Volgyi, Goodenough, Bloomfield & Paul, 2002) (Dedek, Schultz, Pieper, Dirks, Maxeiner, Willecke, Weiler & Janssen-Bienhold, 2006) (Feigenspan, Teubner, Willecke & Weiler, 2001) (Hansen, Torborg, Elstrott & Feller, 2005) (Maxeiner, Dedek, Janssen-Bienhold, Ammermuller, Brune, Kirsch, Pieper, Degen, Kruger, Willecke & Weiler, 2005) (Mills, O’Brien, Li, O’Brien & Massey, 2001) (Urschel, Hoher, Schubert, Alev, Sohl, Worsdorfer, Asahara, Dermietzel, Weiler & Willecke, 2006)
Horizontal Cells	Cx50 Cx57	Unknown	(Cha, Kim, Pan, Chun, Massey & Kim, 2012) (Hombach, Janssen-Bienhold, Sohl, Schubert, Bussow, Ott, Weiler & Willecke, 2004) (Huang, Li & He, 2005) (O’Brien, Li, Pan, Keung, O’Brien & Massey, 2006) (Pan, Keung, Kim, Snuggs, Mills, O’Brien & Massey, 2012)
Retinal Pigment Epithelium Cells	Cx43	Cx43 ↓	(Janssen-Bienhold, Dermietzel & Weiler, 1998) (Losso, Truax & Richard, 2010) (Malfait, Gomez, van Veen, Parys, De Smedt, Vereecke & Himpens, 2001)