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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2019 Mar 15.
Published in final edited form as: Mol Cell Endocrinol. 2017 Jun 9;464:65–74. doi: 10.1016/j.mce.2017.06.010

Figure 1. Mechanisms of action of GH, IGF-1, and insulin in skeletal muscle.

Figure 1

AAT, amino acid transporter. Intramuscular anabolic mechanisms mediated by GH, IGF-1, and insulin providing the theoretical basis for use of these agents as PEDs.