Table 1.

Key anti-AGE and anti-RAGE therapeutic approaches.

Examples of anti-AGE and anti-RAGE therapeutic strategies	Biochemical target/Mechanisms of action
Alagebrium (ALT7-11)	AGE cross-link breaker
Aldose reductase inhibitors (ARI)	Blockade of Aldose Reductase on glucose metabolism that contributes to AGE formation
Aminoguanidine	Blockade of AGE production
Azeliragon	Small molecule inhibitor of RAGE ligand binding to the RAGE extracellular V-domain
Anti-RAGE antibodies	Blockade of ligand binding to RAGE
Inhibitors of RAGE tail-DIAPH1 binding	Blockade of RAGE signal transduction
Upregulation/Activation of glyoxalase-1	Augmentation of detoxification of AGE precursors
Soluble RAGE (sRAGE) or Endogenous secretory RAGE (esRAGE)	RAGE ligand binding species that sequester RAGE ligands and block their biological effects
Vitamin C, Vitamin E	Anti-oxidants, possible effects on reduction of AGE formation and AGE effects