Table 3.
Examples of transcriptional activators involved in modulation of drought response.
| Gene | Identified in plant species | Functional validation | Phenotype | References |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DEEPER ROOTING (DRO1) | Rice | Overexpression in Arabidopsis, Prunus species | Deeper roots | Uga et al., 2011, 2013; Guseman et al., 2017 |
| MORE ROOT | Wheat | Overexpression in rice and Arabidopsis | More crown roots in rice and more lateral roots in Arabidopsis | Li et al., 2016 |
| TaER1 and TaER2 | Wheat | Expression pattern in wheat flag leaves | Higher transpiration efficiency | Zheng et al., 2015 |
| ERECTA | Arabidopsis | Arabidopsis mutation | Increase stomata density and reduced size, carbon isotope discrimination, photosynthesis | Masle et al., 2005 |
| GTL2-LIKE1 (GTL1) | Arabidopsis | Arabidopsis mutation | Reduced stomatal density and lowered transpiration without any effect on biomass | Yoo et al., 2010 |
| TaERF3 | Wheat | Overexpression in wheat | Drought and salinity tolerance | Rong et al., 2014 |
| TaERF1 | Wheat | Overexpression in Arabidopsis | Drought, salt, and low temperature tolerance | Xu et al., 2007 |
| AtERF019 | Arabidopsis | Overexpression in Arabidopsis | Drought tolerance, smaller stomata aperture, and lower transpiration rate | Scarpeci et al., 2017 |
| DREB1A | Arabidopsis | Stress induced expression in wheat | Delayed water stress symptoms | Pellegrineschi et al., 2004 |
| TAZFP34 | Wheat | Overexpression in wheat roots | Increased root:shoot ratio | Chang et al., 2016; |
| TaWRKY10 | Wheat | Overexpression in tobacco | Enhanced drought tolerance | Wang et al., 2013 |
| TaWRKY1 and TaWRKY33 | Wheat | Overexpression in Arabidopsis | Enhanced drought and heat tolerance | He G.-H. et al., 2016 |
| TaWRKY1 | Wheat | Overexpression in tobacco | Enhanced drought tolerance and higher biomass under drought stress | Ding et al., 2016 |
| TaWRKY93 | Wheat | Overexpression in Arabidopsis | Enhanced drought, salt, and low temperature tolerance | Qin et al., 2015 |
| TaWRKY44 | Wheat | Overexpression in tobacco | Drought, salt, and osmotic stress tolerance | Wang F. et al., 2015 |
| RAP2.1 | Arabidopsis | Mutation in the gene | Enhanced drought and frost tolerance | Dong and Liu, 2010 |
| TaRAP2.1 | Wheat | Mutant overexpression in wheat | Drought tolerance | Amalraj et al., 2016 |
| SodERF3 | Sugercane | Overexpression in tobacco | Drought and osmotic tolerance | Trujillo et al., 2009 |
| OsERF4a | Rice | Overexpression in rice | Enhanced drought tolerance | Joo et al., 2013 |