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. 2017 Dec 5;7:498. doi: 10.3389/fcimb.2017.00498

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Copyright © 2017 Srinivasan, Mohankumar, Kannappan, Karthick Raja, Archunan, Karutha Pandian, Ruckmani and Veera Ravi.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) or licensor are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Morphological changes in rat kidney upon treatment with and without of phytol against S. marcescens associated acute pyelonephritis infection. The image of untreated infected animal showed damaged kidney along with pus formation and severe abscess. In contrast, the image of phytol treated infected animal showed healthy kidney like normal animal (A). Quantitative bacterial load in kidney, bladder tissues, and urine samples: Compare to the infection controls, 100 and 200 mg/kg body weight of phytol treatment showed decreased level of bacterial load in kidney (B), bladder (C) tissues, and urine (D) samples. Corn oil was used as the vehicle control. Data are expressed as mean ± SD. Student-t test was used to compare the control and treated samples. ^***Indicates significant at p ≤ 0.0005.