Figure 1. Schematic diagram of the aquaculture life-cycle highlighting key areas where epigenetics could be applied to improve productivity and efficiency.

Epigenetic selection (red text) could be used, alone or in combination with genetic selection, to identify individuals with desired traits. Environmental manipulation (blue text) refers to generating environmentally-driven phenotypes mediated through epigenetic mechanisms. Two life stages which may be particularly sensitive to generating within- or between-generation ‘epigenetic memories’ are larvae and broodstock, respectively.