Table 4.
Intent-to-Treat Results for Multilevel Linear Models Predicting Outcomes (n = 50 Dyads)
| Peer Helping + Coping Skills | Coping Skills | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
|
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| Baseline | 1 Week Post-intervention | 5 Weeks Post-intervention | Baseline | 1 Week Post-intervention | 5 Weeks Post-intervention | ||||
|
|
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| Outcome Fixed Effect | Mean (SD) | Mean (SD) | Mean (SD) | Mean (SD) | Mean (SD) | Mean (SD) | df | F | P |
| Primary Outcome:
|
|||||||||
| Patient meaning in life/peace | 25.40 (6.16) | 24.95 (7.63) | 24.65 (8.00) | 23.36 (6.18) | 25.20 (5.27) | 24.80 (4.37) | |||
| Caregiver meaning in life/ | 23.88 (4.48) | 25.18 (4.73) | 23.75 (4.73) | 21.52 (4.92) | 23.90 (4.61) | 24.63 (5.20) | |||
| peace | |||||||||
| Group | 49 | 0.38 | 0.54 | ||||||
| Time | 76 | 3.37 | 0.04 | ||||||
| Role | 45 | 0.75 | 0.39 | ||||||
| Time × role | 72 | 2.34 | 0.10 | ||||||
| Group × time | 76 | 5.26 | 0.01 | ||||||
| Group × role | 45 | 0.21 | 0.65 | ||||||
| Group × time × role | 72 | 0.28 | 0.76 | ||||||
| Secondary Outcomes:
|
|||||||||
| Patient fatigue | 17.44 (5.64) | 17.43 (6.24) | 16.00 (6.74) | 19.28 (5.44) | 18.80 (5.53) | 17.35 (6.71) | |||
| Caregiver fatigue | 16.32 (4.80) | 14.23 (3.77) | 15.50 (5.46) | 17.88 (5.39) | 15.65 (5.40) | 14.84 (5.04) | |||
| Group | 49 | 1.07 | 0.31 | ||||||
| Time | 79 | 7.08 | 0.00 | ||||||
| Role | 43 | 4.94 | 0.03 | ||||||
| Time × role | 73 | 1.43 | 0.25 | ||||||
| Group × time | 79 | 0.94 | 0.40 | ||||||
| Group × role | 43 | 0.12 | 0.73 | ||||||
| Group × time × role | 73 | 0.12 | 0.89 | ||||||
| Patient pain | 6.24 (2.79) | 6.05 (3.02) | 5.75 (2.45) | 6.16 (2.37) | 6.45 (2.67) | 6.35 (3.07) | |||
| Group | 48 | 0.09 | 0.77 | ||||||
| Time | 79 | 0.15 | 0.86 | ||||||
| Group × time | 79 | 0.39 | 0.68 | ||||||
| Patient depressive symptoms | 9.52 (4.14) | 9.76 (5.58) | 9.00 (4.38) | 9.96 (3.81) | 9.90 (3.48) | 10.35 (4.85) | |||
| Caregiver depressive | 10.44 (3.42) | 8.86 (3.03) | 9.85 (3.39) | 11.92 (4.73) | 10.50 (4.68) | 10.80 (4.63) | |||
| symptoms | |||||||||
| Group | 49 | 0.45 | 0.51 | ||||||
| Time | 80 | 2.55 | 0.09 | ||||||
| Role | 43 | 1.57 | 0.22 | ||||||
| Time × role | 78 | 2.29 | 0.11 | ||||||
| Group × time | 80 | 0.32 | 0.73 | ||||||
| Group × role | 43 | 0.60 | 0.44 | ||||||
| Group × time × role | 78 | 0.53 | 0.59 | ||||||
| Patient anxiety symptoms | 9.88 (3.83) | 10.19 (5.22) | 9.50 (3.41) | 10.64 (3.94) | 10.70 (4.61) | 11.25 (5.96) | |||
| Caregiver anxiety symptoms | 11.72 (3.47) | 10.91 (4.72) | 11.25 (4.45) | 14.16 (5.34) | 11.40 (4.76) | 11.80 (4.54) | |||
| Group | 49 | 0.83 | 0.37 | ||||||
| Time | 81 | 1.88 | 0.16 | ||||||
| Role | 46 | 6.23 | 0.02 | ||||||
| Time × role | 81 | 2.93 | 0.06 | ||||||
| Group × time | 81 | 0.96 | 0.39 | ||||||
| Group × role | 46 | 0.06 | 0.81 | ||||||
| Group × time × role | 81 | 1.14 | 0.33 | ||||||
| Patient general distress | 2.76 (2.39) | 3.10 (2.49) | 2.65 (2.46) | 4.00 (2.55) | 3.60 (2.14) | 4.25 (2.85) | |||
| Caregiver general distress | 4.96 (1.84) | 3.73 (2.19) | 3.65 (2.21) | 4.72 (2.32) | 3.70 (2.39) | 4.00 (2.65) | |||
| Group | 48 | 0.54 | 0.47 | ||||||
| Time | 77 | 2.57 | 0.08 | ||||||
| Role | 41 | 6.49 | 0.02 | ||||||
| Time × role | 75 | 3.69 | 0.03 | ||||||
| Group × time | 77 | 0.55 | 0.58 | ||||||
| Group × role | 41 | 2.86 | 0.10 | ||||||
| Group × time × role | 75 | 0.61 | 0.55 | ||||||
| Patient coping self-efficacy | 2.96 (0.67) | 2.84 (0.89) | 2.85 (0.89) | 2.98 (0.64) | 2.99 (0.59) | 2.89 (0.68) | |||
| Caregiver coping self-efficacy | 2.86 (0.62) | 3.01 (0.56) | 2.78 (0.62) | 2.68 (0.61) | 2.68 (0.59) | 2.67 (0.69) | |||
| Group | 49 | 0.25 | 0.62 | ||||||
| Time | 77 | 1.31 | 0.28 | ||||||
| Role | 47 | 1.36 | 0.25 | ||||||
| Time × role | 75 | 1.03 | 0.36 | ||||||
| Group × time | 77 | 0.06 | 0.94 | ||||||
| Group × role | 47 | 2.91 | 0.10 | ||||||
| Group × time × role | 75 | 1.27 | 0.29 | ||||||
| Patient emotional support | 18.52 (2.00) | 18.43 (2.54) | 17.75 (2.99) | 18.52 (1.96) | 18.55 (2.11) | 17.70 (2.87) | |||
| Caregiver emotional support | 16.20 (4.27) | 17.86 (2.93) | 17.20 (3.22) | 17.84 (2.44) | 17.45 (2.61) | 17.37 (2.73) | |||
| Group | 47 | 0.37 | 0.55 | ||||||
| Time | 80 | 1.64 | 0.20 | ||||||
| Role | 44 | 4.58 | 0.04 | ||||||
| Time × role | 77 | 2.84 | 0.07 | ||||||
| Group × time | 80 | 1.64 | 0.20 | ||||||
| Group × role | 44 | 0.35 | 0.56 | ||||||
| Group × time × role | 77 | 2.81 | 0.07 | ||||||
| Caregiver caregiving burden | 14.36 (7.44) | 12.32 (7.91) | 13.00 (9.57) | 14.64 (8.40) | 10.85 (7.01) | 11.63 (8.70) | |||
| Group | 47 | 0.09 | 0.76 | ||||||
| Time | 78 | 4.74 | 0.01 | ||||||
| Group × time | 78 | 0.66 | 0.52 | ||||||
df = degrees of freedom; SD = standard deviation.