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. 2017 Dec 6;11:679. doi: 10.3389/fnins.2017.00679

Figure 2.

Figure 2

Methylglyoxal-induced activation of dorsal horn neurons requires TRPA1. (A,B) Representative images showing immunofluorescent localization of phosphorylated extracellular signal-regulated kinase (p-ERK) in cell profiles of the lumbar spinal cord dorsal horn. These images illustrate p-ERK after intraplantar (i.pl.) injection of methylglyoxal (MG; 30 μg) to wild-type (+/+) or TRPA1 knockout (-/-) mice or wild-type mice pretreated with intrathecal (i.t.) injection of the TRPA1 antagonist HC030031 (HC) or its vehicle (Veh) control. Quantification of (C) the # of p-ERK+ cell profiles (n = 4) at 10 min and (D) licking and lifting nociceptive responses (n = 4–8) at 0–5 min after i.pl. administration of MG. Heat response latencies after i.pl. injection of MG in (E) TRPA1 knockouts (n = 4–7) or (F) after pretreatment with i.t. HC030031 (n = 4). ⋆p < 0.05 vs. all other groups.