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. 2017 Dec 6;8:1707. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2017.01707

Figure 1.

Figure 1

General induction and receptor signaling pathways of type I and type III IFNs. Recognition of virus by multiple pattern recognition receptor pathways leads to the activation of the transcription factors IRF1, IRF3, IRF7, and NF-κB to induce transcription, translation, and secretion of type I IFN (IFNα and IFNβ) and type III IFN [interferon lambda (IFNλ)]. Type I and type III IFNs signal to surrounding cells via distinct receptors to induce activation of the JAK–STAT pathway leading to the production of IFN-stimulated genes (ISGs) that can amplify the IFN signal and induce an antiviral state in infected cells/tissues.