Figure 1.

Schematic representation of FGFR signaling pathway. A typical FGFR gene encodes a tyrosine kinase (TK) receptor. This receptor has an extracellular ligand-binding sites, which are comprised of immunoglobulin-like domains (IgI, IgII and IgIII), transmembrane region and divided intracellular tyrosine kinase domains, TK1 and TK2. The signaling pathway mainly operates through at least 3 distinct pathways. Initiation of RAS/MAPK pathways starts with formation of FRS2 complex and regulates cell proliferation and differentiation. The PI3K/AKT pathway controls cells survival and fate determination after getting initiated by FRS2 complex formation. Activation of PKC pathway started with binding of PLCγ to the activated FGFR and regulates morphogenesis and migration of cells.