Table 1.
Comparison of socio-demographic, gender identity and hormone use characteristics of transgender women with and without a reactive HIV test
| Socio-demographics, gender identity and hormone use | Total (n=1375) | HIV test result | ||
| Reactive (n=81) | Non-reactive (n=1294) | |||
| n (%) | n (%) | n (%) | p Value* | |
| Community type | ||||
| Urban | 1146 (83.4) | 75 (6.5) | 1071 (93.5) | 0.02 |
| Rural | 229 (16.6) | 6 (2.6) | 223 (97.4) | |
| Age (years) | ||||
| 18–24 | 729 (53.0) | 22 (3.0) | 707 (97.0) | <0.001 |
| 25–34 | 503 (36.6) | 41 (8.2) | 462 (91.8) | |
| ≥35 | 143 (10.4) | 18 (12.6) | 125 (87.4) | |
| Current marital status | ||||
| Married | 7 (0.5) | 0 (0.0) | 7 (100) | 0.47 |
| Widowed/divorced/separated | 18 (1.3) | 1 (5.6) | 17 (94.4) | |
| Never married | 1334 (97.2) | 78 (5.9) | 1256 (94.1) | |
| Refused to answer | 16 (1.2) | 2 (15.4) | 11 (84.6) | |
| Years of formal education completed | ||||
| Primary (0–6 years) | 307 (22.3) | 32 (10.4) | 275 (89.6) | <0.001 |
| High school or higher (>7 years) | 1068 (77.7) | 49 (4.6) | 1019 (95.4) | |
| Main occupation | ||||
| Unemployed | 64 (4.7) | 6 (9.4) | 58 (90.6) | 0.03 |
| Hair dresser/beautician | 482 (35.1) | 24 (5.0) | 458 (95.0) | |
| Office worker | 50 (3.6) | 3 (6.0) | 47 (94.0) | |
| Labour/farmer | 241 (17.5) | 15 (6.2) | 226 (93.8) | |
| Seller | 149 (10.8) | 10 (6.7) | 139 (93.3) | |
| Entertainment worker | 203 (14.8) | 10 (4.9) | 193 (95.1) | |
| Student | 108 (7.9) | 1 (0.9) | 107 (99.1) | |
| Non-governmental organisation staff | 34 (2.5) | 7 (20.6) | 27 (79.4) | |
| Other | 44 (3.2) | 5 (11.4) | 39 (88.6) | |
| Monthly income in the past six months (US$) | ||||
| <100 | 351 (25.6) | 22 (6.3) | 329 (93.7) | 0.70 |
| 100–199 | 530 (38.6) | 29 (5.5) | 501 (94.5) | |
| 200–299 | 266 (19.3) | 19 (7.1) | 247 (92.9) | |
| ≥300 | 226 (16.5) | 11 (4.9) | 215 (95.1) | |
| Gender identity (self-identified) | ||||
| Female | 580 (42.2) | 29 (5.0) | 551 (95.0) | 0.35 |
| Third gender | 786 (57.2) | 52 (6.6) | 734 (93.4) | |
| Uncertain | 8 (0.6) | 0 (0.0) | 8 (100) | |
| Frequency of dressing as a woman | ||||
| All the time | 660 (48.0) | 56 (8.5) | 604 (91.5) | 0.001 |
| Not all the time | 715 (52.0) | 25 (3.5) | 689 (96.5) | |
| Ever injected hormones | ||||
| No | 1123 (81.7) | 58 (5.2) | 1065 (94.8) | 0.02 |
| Yes | 252 (18.3) | 23 (9.1) | 229 (90.9) | |
| Ever self-injected hormones | ||||
| No | 1358 (98.8) | 77 (5.7) | 1281 (94.3) | 0.002 |
| Yes | 17 (1.2) | 4 (25.5) | 13 (76.5) | |
| Ever shared needles when injecting hormones/beauty substances | ||||
| No | 1355 (98.5) | 78 (5.8) | 550 (94.2) | 0.33 |
| Yes | 20 (3.2) | 2 (10.0) | 18 (90.0) | |
| Ever used online services developed for men who have sex with men/transgender (eg, Facebook, website) | ||||
| No | 483 (35.1) | 46 (9.5) | 437 (90.5) | <0.001 |
| Yes | 892 (64.9) | 35 (3.9) | 857 (96.1) | |
*Χ2 or Fisher’s exact test was used as appropriate.