Fig. 2.

Stator stoichiometry before and after stall. (A and B) Kernel density estimates (KDEs) of the single-stator torque contribution and the steady-state stoichiometry, respectively, as a function of external viscous load. (C) Temporal evolution of stator stoichiometry of motors driving the different viscous loads (color-coded as in A, B, D, and E). Steady-state rotation of the viscous load corresponds to time $t<0$. The motor is then stalled by the magnetic field for a period of 300 s (indicated by a break in the x axis). At $t=0$, the motor is released from stall. The thick color-coded line and the colored region are the average and SD of multiple motors. The horizontal gray dashed line indicates the average number of stator units measured for $t<0$ at steady state. The dark dashed line is the fit obtained from Eq. 3 for $t>0$. $N_{SS}$ and $t_c$ in the bottom image indicate the parameters extracted by the exponential fit using Eq. 3. (D) KDE of the number of stator units recruited during stall as a function of external viscous load. (E) Steady-state stoichiometry, $N_{\mathit{ss}}$, as a function of the characteristic relaxation time, $t_c$. For comparison, gray lines show the predictions of models, where the variation in $K_D$ is due entirely to $k_{\mathit{on}}$ (dashed), entirely to $k_{\mathit{off}}$ (solid), or split equally between $k_{\mathit{on}}$ and $k_{\mathit{off}}$ (dotted). Number of motors analyzed was 24 for ${\gamma }_{300}$, 28 for ${\gamma }_{300g}$, 40 for ${\gamma }_{500}$, 30 for ${\gamma }_{500g}$, and 20 for ${\gamma }_{1300}$.