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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2019 Jan 1.
Published in final edited form as: Environ Res. 2017 Oct 4;160:506–513. doi: 10.1016/j.envres.2017.09.002

Table 2.

Association between combined exposure (high PAH and persistent hardship) and Conners ADHD1,2

ADHD symptoms N Estimate Lower CL Upper CL P-value
ADHD analyzed continuously3
ADHD Index 351 0.42 0.11 0.74 0.01
DSM-IV Inattentive 351 0.46 0.13 0.79 0.01
DSM-IV Hyperactive-Impulsive 351 0.33 0.03 0.62 0.03
DSM-IV Index Total 351 0.39 0.10 0.68 0.01
ADHD analyzed dichotomously4
ADHD Index 351 1.23 0.12 2.35 0.03
DSM-IV Inattentive 351 1.77 0.62 2.93 <0.01
DSM-IV Hyperactive-Impulsive 351 0.50 −0.61 1.61 0.38
DSM-IV Index Total 351 1.40 0.35 2.46 0.01
1

Covariates: gender, ethnicity, prenatal ETS, maternal education, gestational age, TONI, HOME, age at assessment, maternal ADHD, child anxiety/depression at age 9, heating season; analyses compared the children with combined high exposure to those who did not experience combined high exposure.

2

Twenty eight children were in the high PAH/persistent hardship group, 113 in the high PAH/non-persistent hardship group, 43 in the low PAH/persistent hardship group, and 167 in the low PAH/non-persistent hardship group.

3

ADHD analyzed continuously using scaled Poisson regression on ADHD raw scores

4

ADHD analyzed dichotomously using logistic regression on ADHD T-score (>65 v.s. <=65)