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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2019 Jan 1.
Published in final edited form as: Environ Res. 2017 Oct 4;160:506–513. doi: 10.1016/j.envres.2017.09.002

Table 3.

Association between combined exposure (high PAH and any hardship) and Conners ADHD1

ADHD symptoms N Estimate Lower CL Upper CL P-value
ADHD analyzed continuously2
ADHD Index 351 0.25 0.02 0.48 0.04
DSM-IV Inattentive 351 0.25 0.00 0.49 0.047
DSM-IV Hyperactive-Impulsive 351 0.24 0.03 0.46 0.03
DSM-IV Index Total 351 0.25 0.03 0.46 0.02
ADHD analyzed dichotomously3
ADHD Index 351 0.40 −0.47 1.28 0.37
DSM-IV Inattentive 351 0.93 0.01 1.85 0.046
DSM-IV Hyperactive-Impulsive 351 0.02 −0.80 0.83 0.96
DSM-IV Index Total 351 0.92 0.12 1.72 0.02
1

Covariates: gender, ethnicity, prenatal ETS, maternal education, gestational age, TONI, HOME, age at assessment, maternal ADHD, child anxiety/depression at age 9, heating season; analyses compared the children with combined high exposure to those who did not experience combined high exposure.

2

ADHD analyzed continuously using scaled Poisson regression on ADHD raw scores

3

ADHD analyzed dichotomously using logistic regression on ADHD T-score (>65 v.s. <=65)