Table 2.
Characteristics of Child and Adolescent NHANES 2009–2014 Participantsa by LCS Consumption
| Children 2–11 years | Adolescents 12–19 years | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Consumers | Non-consumers | p-value | Consumers | Non-consumers | p-value | |
| Gender, n (%) | 0.0157 | 0.0031 | ||||
| Male | 876 (48.7) | 1966 (52.4) | 435 (46.2) | 1454 (53.1) | ||
| Female | 909 (51.3) | 1839 (47.6) | 437 (53.8) | 1345 (46.9) | ||
| Race/Ethnicityb, n (%) | 0.0011 | <0.0001 | ||||
| White | 550 (58.3) | 1002 (50.6) | 312 (66.6) | 696 (52.5) | ||
| Black | 409 (12.2) | 967 (14.7) | 198 (10.7) | 729 (15.8) | ||
| Hispanic | 623 (22.1) | 1326 (25.0) | 269 (16.6) | 971 (22.5) | ||
| Age, n (%) | <0.001 | N/A | ||||
| 2–5y | 627 (33.5) | 1643 (42.4) | N/Ad | N/A | ||
| 6–11y | 1158 (66.5) | 2162 (57.6) | N/A | N/A | ||
| Income, n (%)c | 0.0066 | 0.0009 | ||||
| 1st tertile | 730 (31.4) | 1761 (37.8) | 302 (24.3) | 1119 (32.7) | ||
| 2nd tertile | 524 (33.6) | 1063 (32.7) | 276 (34.4) | 837 (33.5) | ||
| 3rd tertile | 431 (34.9) | 703 (29.5) | 234 (41.3) | 602 (33.8) | ||
| Weight statusd, n (%) | 0.0684 | 0.0125 | ||||
| Underweight | 59 (2.9) | 155 (4.2) | 23 (2.3)h | 92 (3.4) | ||
| Healthy | 1108 (65.5) | 2501 (66.5) | 496 (58.9) | 1697 (62.8) | ||
| Overweight | 274 (15.5) | 571 (15.2) | 149 (14.7) | 462 (15.9) | ||
| Obese | 344 (16.1) | 578 (14.0) | 204 (24.1) | 548 (17.9) | ||
| Physical activityf,g | 6.1 (0.1) | 6.2 (0.1) | 0.6318 | 2192 (88.7) | 2244 (66.7) | 0.6064 |
| Energy intake (kcal) | 1789 (15.5) | 1739 (9.9) | 0.0046 | 2032 (33.3) | 2051 (24.8) | 0.6338 |
N reflects the number of participants in the sample, while percentages are weighted to account for the complex NHANES survey design.
Respondents reporting ‘other’ race (n=713 children, n=496 adolescents), including multi-racial, are included in overall estimates but are not shown separately.
Defined based on tertiles of poverty-to-income ratio (PIR)
N/A indicates that age sub-group comparisons were not performed for adolescents
In children 2–11 years, physical activity was assessed as number of days physically active at least 60 min per week.
In adolescents 12–19 years, physical activity was assessed as MET-min of moderate and vigorous activity per week, which was derived using NHANES recommended MET score.
Due to small sample size (n<30), these estimates may be unreliable and should be interpreted with caution.