Table 2.
Hazard ratios for mortality in participants with diabetes during the periods 1999 to 2004 and 2005 to 2010 compared with those without diabetesa
| 1999 to 2004 | 2005 to 2010 | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Non‐DM (n = 5312) | DM (n = 724) | Non‐DM (n = 5546) | DM (n = 1418) | |
| Total mortality | ||||
| No. of deaths from any cause (%) | 86 (1.6%) | 36 (5.0) | 89 (1.6%) | 57 (4.0%) |
| Event rate (per 1000 person‐year) | 5.0 | 21.3 | 5.7 | 15.8 |
| Unadjusted HR (95% CI) | 1.00 [ref] | 4.23 (2.57 to 6.98) | 1.00 [ref] | 2.76 (1.87 to 4.08) |
| Age‐adjusted model | 1.00 [ref] | 2.31 (1.37‐3.91) | 1.00 [ref] | 1.21 (0.79‐1.86) |
| Multivariable‐adjusted modelb | 1.00 [ref] | 2.46 (1.18‐5.12) | 1.00 [ref] | 1.28 (0.74‐2.21) |
| Cardiovascular mortality | ||||
| No. of cardiovascular deaths (%) | 21 (0.4%) | 14 (1.9%) | 28 (0.5%) | 15 (1.1%) |
| Event rate (per 1000 person‐year) | 1.1 | 10.0 | 1.7 | 4.6 |
| Unadjusted HR (95% CI) | 1.00 [ref] | 8.82 (3.28‐23.70) | 1.00 [ref] | 2.70 (1.20‐6.04) |
| Age‐adjusted model | 1.00 [ref] | 5.66 (2.05‐15.62) | 1.00 [ref] | 1.15 (0.51‐2.60) |
| Multivariable‐adjusted model | 1.00 [ref] | 5.89 (1.47‐23.60) | 1.00 [ref] | 1.37 (0.51‐3.69) |
| Cardiac mortality | ||||
| No. of cardiac deaths (%) | 15 (0.3%) | 12 (1.7%) | 20 (0.4%) | 10 (0.7%) |
| Event rate (per 1000 person‐year) | 0.5 | 9.1 | 1.3 | 3.2 |
| Unadjusted HR (95% CI) | 1.00 [ref] | 15.55 (7.01‐34.50) | 1.00 [ref] | 2.45 (0.98‐6.09) |
| Age‐adjusted model | 1.00 [ref] | 9.94 (3.80‐25.94) | 1.00 [ref] | 1.08 (0.43‐2.71) |
| Multivariable‐adjusted model | 1.00 [ref] | 8.68 (2.45‐30.80) | 1.00 [ref] | 1.15 (0.37‐3.51) |
| Cancer mortality | ||||
| No. of cancer deaths | 27 (0.5%) | 7 (0.9%) | 23 (0.4%) | 12 (0.8%) |
| Event rate (per 1000 person‐year) | 1.5 | 4.6 | 1.5 | 3.5 |
| Unadjusted HR (95% CI) | 1.00 [ref] | 3.03 (1.20‐7.65) | 1.00 [ref] | 2.33 (0.87‐6.23) |
| Age‐adjusted model | 1.00 [ref] | 1.49 (0.60‐3.67) | 1.00 [ref] | 1.06 (0.43‐2.61) |
| Multivariable‐adjusted model | 1.00 [ref] | 0.95 (0.36‐2.46) | 1.00 [ref] | 0.93 (0.30‐3.03) |
Abbreviations: CI, confidence interval; HR, hazard ratio.
a
Data are presented as number, number (%), or hazard ratio (95% confidence interval).
b
Multivariable adjustment was made for age (20‐39, 40‐59, 60‐79, and ≥80 y), sex, race and ethnicity (non‐Hispanic white, non‐Hispanic black, Mexican American, and others), educational level (less than high school, high school graduation or General Education Development certificate, more than high school), current smoking status, body mass index, dyslipidaemia and hypertension.