Table 1.

Articles Included in Sample

Article	Purpose/Aims
(Bagley, Reynolds, & Nelson, 2007)	To evaluate factors that would influence children and adolescents’ decision-making for research participation, in terms of the impact of monetary and other incentives.
(Birnie, Noel, Chambers, von Baeyer, & Fernandez, 2011)	To describe the ethical challenges and acceptability of the cold pressor test from the perspective of researchers, children and parents.
(Brawner et al., 2013)	To determine adolescents’ perceptions of participation in research involving the collection of biomarkers via blood, saliva and/or urine samples.
(Bruzzese & Fisher, 2003)	To examine the capacity of 4th, 7th, and 10th graders, as well as college students, to understand their rights in research and the extent to which this capacity can be enhanced following exposure to The Research Participants’ Bill of Rights.
(Burke et al., 2005)	To maximize the amount of information children and adolescents understand about the risks and benefits associated with participation in a biomedical research study.
(Chu et al., 2008)	To compare the effects of research participation on children who have experienced traumatic events with children who have not, in their perception of the risks and benefits of research participation and their understanding of assenting to participate.
(Cohn et al., 2005)	To explore the factors that influenced adolescents’ decisions to participate in an ED-based research study about youth violence, and to determine the feelings elicited by being a research subject.
(Ellonen & Pösö, 2011)	To evaluate children’s perceptions of completing a research survey about their exposure to violence.
(Ensign, 2006)	To describe the experiences and perspectives of homeless young people as participants in research, including their perspectives and advice on how to handle ethical challenges posed by such research.
(Fernandez et al., 2009)	To define an appropriate process for providing research results to participants in pediatric oncology clinical trials, based on participants’ needs and attitudes.
(Fisher, 2003)	To empirically examine generational and ethnic variations about ethical issues in youth drug use and suicide survey research in order to: a) evaluate risks and benefits, b) establish guardian permission requirements, c) develop disclosure and confidentiality policies, and d) identify appropriate incentives for recruitment.
(Langhinrichsen-Rohling et al., 2006)	To examine distress related to answering personal survey questions about drug use, suicidal behavior, and physical and sexual abuse in multiple convenience samples of adolescents.
(Mayeux et al., 2007)	To investigate children’s and teachers’ perceptions of emotional responses to sociometric testing, and whether children understood their research rights as participants. Also to measure both quantitative and qualitative aspects of the sociometric experience.
(Moreno, Grant, Kacvinsky, Moreno, & Fleming, 2012)	To determine older adolescents’ responses after learning that they were participants in a research study that involved identification of participants using Facebook.
(O’Reilly et al., 2012)	To explore parent and children’s views of anonymity and the intrinsic link to the ethic of confidentiality with the objective of questioning the taken- for-granted nature of the ethic of anonymity.
(Reynolds & Nelson, 2007)	To increase our understanding of how diabetic and at-risk adolescents (i.e., those who are obese and/or have a family history of diabetes) and their parents perceive risks and make decisions about research participation.
(Swartling et al., 2011)	To explore what views children 10–12 years of age express about medical research and participation in such research.
(Swartling et al., 2014)	To explore 10- to 13-year-old children’s views on medical research, trust, information, decision making, and their views on data sampling and risk identification.
(Traube et al., 2013)	To examine factors influencing informed assent, initial involvement, and ongoing involvement in HIV- focused community based participatory research for African American children.
(Unguru et al., 2010)	To assess what children aged 7 to 18 with cancer understand about research, their research-related treatment, and their preferences for inclusion in decision-making.
(Vitiello et al., 2007)	To examine the extent to which parents and adolescents participating in the Treatment for Adolescents With Depression Study understood key aspects of the study.
(Wagner et al., 2006)	To prospectively assess youths’ and their parents’ attitudes and experiences about participation in clinical treatment research.
(Woodgate & Edwards, 2010)	To detail how parents as well as children view and assess the risks to involving children in health research. This paper focuses on one of the factors, a matter of trust, that shaped Canadian parents’ and children’s perceptions and assessments of risk in child health research.