Table 5.
Bivariate and multivariable associations with carriage of N. meningitidis identified as serogroup B by real-time PCR among carriage evaluation participants at an Oregon university, March 2015–February 2016
| Bivariate analysis1 | Multivariable analysis (N=2791) | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Prevalence Ratio (95% CI)2 | p-value | Prevalence Ratio (95% CI)1 | p-value | |
| Round | ||||
| 1 | Ref | |||
| 2 | 1.8 (1.0–3.2) | 0.04 | 2.8 (1.0–7.6) | 0.07 |
| 3 | 1.7 (0.9–3.1) | 0.1 | 2.6 (1.1–6.2) | 0.05 |
| 4 | 1.9 (1.0–3.7) | 0.05 | 2.8 (1.0–7.6) | 0.07 |
| Gender | ||||
| Female | Ref | |||
| Male | 1.0 (0.6–1.6) | 0.9 | -- | -- |
| Year in school | ||||
| Freshman | Ref | |||
| Sophomore | 1.6 (0.9–2.8) | 0.09 | -- | -- |
| Junior | 0.9 (0.5–1.8) | 0.8 | -- | -- |
| Senior | 1.3 (0.7–2.3) | 0.4 | -- | -- |
| Age | ||||
| 18 | Ref | |||
| 19 | 2.1 (1.0–4.2) | 0.03 | 2.0 (0.9–4.6) | 0.09 |
| 20 | 2.2 (1.0–4.8) | 0.048 | 2.2 (0.9–5.6) | 0.1 |
| 21 | 1.4 (0.5–3.3) | 0.5 | 0.9 (0.3–3.0) | 0.9 |
| 22 | 2.7 (1.2–6.3) | 0.03 | 2.6 (0.9–7.4) | 0.1 |
| Live on- vs. off-campus | ||||
| On-campus | Ref | |||
| Off-campus | 1.2 (0.8–1.9) | 0.4 | -- | -- |
| Type of residence | ||||
| Residence hall | Ref | |||
| Apartment/house | 1.4 (0.8–2.2) | 0.2 | -- | -- |
| Sorority/fraternity | 2.0 (0.8–5.2) | 0.2 | -- | -- |
| Roommates | ||||
| 0 | Ref | |||
| 1 | 1.9 (0.8–4.8) | 0.09 | 1.3 (0.5–3.7) | 0.6 |
| 2 | 2.4 (0.8–6.6) | 0.1 | 0.7 (0.2–2.7) | 0.7 |
| 3+ | 3.0 (1.2–7.4) | 0.006 | 1.5 (0.5–4.1) | 0.4 |
| Recent upper respiratory symptoms3 | ||||
| Yes | 1.1 (0.7–1.7) | 0.7 | -- | -- |
| No | Ref | |||
| Smoking4 | ||||
| Yes | 2.5 (1.6–3.9) | 0.0003 | 2.0 (1.1–3.6) | 0.02 |
| No | Ref | |||
| Second-hand smoke4 | ||||
| Never | Ref | |||
| Some days | 1.3 (0.8–2.0) | 0.3 | -- | -- |
| Every day | 1.6 (0.6–4.1) | 0.5 | -- | -- |
| Recent antibiotic use4 | ||||
| Yes | 0.8 (0.3–2.0) | 0.6 | -- | -- |
| No | Ref | |||
| Attend bars, clubs, parties | ||||
| <1/week or never | Ref | |||
| 1/week | 1.5 (0.9–2.6) | 0.2 | 1.3 (0.7–2.4) | 0.5 |
| 2–3/week | 2.7 (1.6–4.6) | 0.005 | 2.3 (1.1–4.6) | 0.04 |
| ≥4/week | 3.2 (1.2–8.7) | 0.2 | 3.0 (0.9–9.7) | 0.2 |
| Received MenACWY vaccine | ||||
| Yes | 0.8 (0.4–1.3) | 0.4 | -- | -- |
| No | Ref | |||
| Received MenB vaccine doses5 | ||||
| 0 doses | Ref | |||
| 1 dose MenB-FHbp | 0.8 (0.5–1.4) | 0.5 | 0.5 (0.2–1.0) | 0.07 |
| 2 doses MenB-FHbp | 1.3 (0.7–2.3) | 0.5 | 0.7 (0.3–1.6) | 0.4 |
| 3 doses MenB-FHbp | 1.9 (0.5–7.2) | 0.5 | 1.3 (0.3–5.4) | 0.7 |
| 1 dose MenB-4C | 0.7 (0.1–4.8) | 0.7 | 0.6 (0.1–4.2) | 0.5 |
| 2 doses MenB-4C | 1.3 (0.4–4.3) | 0.7 | 0.8 (0.2–2.6) | 0.7 |
Bivariate and multivariable analysis was conducted using Poisson regression with generalized estimating equations (GEE) to account for individuals participating in multiple rounds.
1
See Table 1 for N included for each variable.
2
Prevalence ratios account for repeat participants using generalized estimating equation methods.
3
In the past 30 days.
4
In the past 2 weeks.
5
Includes only vaccine doses received ≥2 weeks before specimen collection.