(a) Threshold current required to entrain ICC pacemaker frequency to match sine stimulation frequency. Transmembrane potential of the ICC at position L/4 in the model of motility during (b) no stimulation, (c) 0.5 Hz sine wave stimulation, and (d) 0.5 Hz, 200 μs pulse stimulation at 1 mA. Pellet position, circular muscle activity, and sensory neuron activity during 0.5 Hz, 1 mA sine wave stimulation with electrical stimulation (e) influencing enteric neurons and smooth muscle, but not ICC, and (f) influencing only ICC, but not enteric neurons and smooth muscle.