Table 1.
Patient characteristics of the entire cohort and propensity score matched cohort.
| Entire Cohort | Propensity Score Matched Cohort | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
| ||||||
| ICD (n=13,247) | No ICD (n=3,137) | ASD | ICD (n=2,209) | No ICD (n=2,209) | ASD | |
| Male (%) | 79.7 | 74.2 | 27.0% | 74.8 | 76.0 | 2.7% |
|
| ||||||
| Age Group (%) | 34.0% | 4.4% | ||||
| 19–29 years | 3.2 | 9.7 | 8.1 | 7.4 | ||
| 30–39 years | 6.7 | 9.4 | 9.4 | 9.0 | ||
| 40–49 years | 14.0 | 15.5 | 14.1 | 14.9 | ||
| 50–59 years | 27.5 | 28.4 | 27.7 | 27.2 | ||
| 60–69 years | 34.2 | 27.8 | 29.4 | 30.0 | ||
| 70–79 years | 13.8 | 8.7 | 10.5 | 10.8 | ||
| 80+ years | 0.6 | 0.5 | 0.8 | 0.7 | ||
|
| ||||||
| Ethnicity (%) | 27.0% | 2.7% | ||||
| Hispanic | 5.8 | 7.6 | 8.4 | 7.5 | ||
| Non-Hispanic | 94.2 | 92.4 | 91.6 | 92.5 | ||
|
| ||||||
| Etiology (%) | 16.9% | 5.1% | ||||
| Ischemic | 44.3 | 52.4 | 50.7 | 48.6 | ||
| Non-ischemic | 54.3 | 45.9 | 47.3 | 49.7 | ||
| Congenital | 0.4 | 0.5 | 0.4 | 0.4 | ||
| Restrictive | 1.0 | 1.2 | 1.6 | 1.3 | ||
|
| ||||||
| Duration of Heart Failure (%) | 114.0% | 8.9% | ||||
| <1 month | 1.0 | 23.8 | 5.3 | 5.3 | ||
| 1 month-1 year | 6.4 | 27.3 | 28.6 | 26.8 | ||
| 1–2 years | 6.6 | 7.0 | 11.5 | 9.4 | ||
| >2 years | 86.0 | 41.9 | 54.6 | 58.4 | ||
|
| ||||||
| Strategy at Implantation (%) | 33.0% | 2.8% | ||||
| Bridge to Transplant | 28.6 | 20.2 | 23.2 | 23.2 | ||
| Destination Therapy | 42.4 | 37.1 | 39.9 | 40.1 | ||
| Bridge to Candidacy | 28.7 | 40.4 | 36.0 | 35.5 | ||
| Other | 0.3 | 2.3 | 0.9 | 1.2 | ||
|
| ||||||
| Type of Device (%) | 2.0% | 2.0% | ||||
| Axial Flow | 83.8 | 82.9 | 83.8 | 83.2 | ||
| Centrifugal Flow | 16.2 | 17.1 | 16.2 | 16.8 | ||
|
| ||||||
| INTERMACS Profile (%) | 57.9% | 5.9% | ||||
| 1 | 10.9 | 33.0 | 21.9 | 21.3 | ||
| 2 | 37.2 | 32.7 | 37.8 | 36.5 | ||
| 3 | 33.0 | 24.5 | 29.2 | 29.5 | ||
| 4 | 14.6 | 7.4 | 8.3 | 9.8 | ||
| 5–7 | 4.3 | 2.4 | 2.8 | 2.9 | ||
|
| ||||||
| Recurrent VA (%) | 28.5 | 21.5 | 55.0% | 21.7 | 22.0 | 1.5% |
|
| ||||||
| NYHA Class IV (%) | 79.1 | 85.7 | 18.0% | 83.9 | 83.2 | 3.7% |
|
| ||||||
| IV Inotrope Use (%) | 80.9 | 82.6 | 21.0% | 84.1 | 82.8 | 3.6% |
|
| ||||||
| IABP (%) | 27.6 | 41.9 | 30.0% | 37.3 | 35.9 | 3.0% |
|
| ||||||
| ECMO (%) | 1.8 | 11.0 | 39.0% | 5.3 | 5.2 | 0.4% |
|
| ||||||
| Ventilator Use (%) | 7.1 | 26.6 | 54.0% | 17.5 | 16.1 | 3.8% |
|
| ||||||
| Amiodarone Use (%) | 16.0% | 2.4% | ||||
| Current | 42.8 | 35.3 | 35.7 | 36.2 | ||
| Within the last year | 5.8 | 5.2 | 4.7 | 5.2 | ||
| No | 51.4 | 59.5 | 59.6 | 58.6 | ||
|
| ||||||
| Beta-blocker Use (%) | 46.7% | 5.0% | ||||
| Current | 57.4 | 39.1 | 43.6 | 45.5 | ||
| Within the last year | 24.7 | 23.5 | 26.5 | 26.8 | ||
| No | 17.9 | 37.4 | 29.9 | 27.7 | ||
|
| ||||||
| BMI | 28.9±7.1 | 27.7±6.7 | 16.8% | 27.7±6.8 | 27.8±6.9 | 1.0% |
|
| ||||||
| MELD-Xi | 14.7±4.5 | 14.2±5.0 | 11.0% | 14.5±4.7 | 14.5±4.8 | <0.1% |
|
| ||||||
| Severe Diabetes (%) | 4.0 | 4.6 | 1.0% | 4.5 | 4.2 | 2.5% |
|
| ||||||
| GFR (mL/min/1.73m2) (%) | 30.2% | 5.1% | ||||
| > 60 | 44.4 | 55.0 | 53.9 | 52.2 | ||
| 30–60 | 46.6 | 33.4 | 34.6 | 37.0 | ||
| < 30 | 6.7 | 6.4 | 6.9 | 6.6 | ||
| Requiring dialysis | 2.3 | 5.2 | 4.6 | 4.2 | ||
|
| ||||||
| Sodium (mmol/L) | 134.8±4.7 | 135.2±5.0 | 8.0% | 134.9±4.9 | 134.8±4.8 | 2.4% |
|
| ||||||
| Albumin (g/dL) | 3.5±0.6 | 3.2±0.7 | 8.0% | 3.3±0.7 | 3.3±0.6 | 2.4% |
|
| ||||||
| History of Smoking (%) | 6.2 | 10.9 | 21.0% | 9.5 | 9.2 | 3.6% |
|
| ||||||
| Peripheral Vascular Disease (%) | 2.8 | 2.6 | 21.0% | 2.6 | 2.9 | 3.6% |
|
| ||||||
| Pulmonary HTN (%) | 11.1 | 6.8 | 21.0% | 8.3 | 8.6 | 3.6% |
|
| ||||||
| Pulmonary Disease (%) | 3.8 | 3.4 | 21.0% | 3.8 | 3.9 | 3.6% |
|
| ||||||
| Unable to Work (%) | 52.1 | 38.2 | 28.3% | 43.9 | 45.0 | 2.0% |
|
| ||||||
| Previous Cardiac Operation (%) | 64.7 | 70.0 | 18.0% | 67.8 | 68.1 | 2.0% |
|
| ||||||
| Implanting Center Volume (%) | 3.2% | 3.1% | ||||
| 1–10 | 8.1 | 7.6 | 7.1 | 7.6 | ||
| 11–20 | 16.5 | 16.6 | 16.3 | 16.7 | ||
| 21–30 | 18.4 | 17.6 | 17.9 | 17.0 | ||
| 31–50 | 33.6 | 34.7 | 34.7 | 34.6 | ||
| >50 | 23.4 | 23.5 | 24.0 | 24.1 | ||
ASD=Absolute standardized difference, BMI=Body mass index, ECMO=Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation, GFR=Glomerular filtration rate, HTN=Hypertension, IABP=Intra-aortic balloon pump, INTERMACS=Interagency Registry for Mechanically Assisted Circulatory Support, MELD-XI=Model for End-stage Liver Disease score excluding INR, NYHA=New York Heart Association, VA=Ventricular arrhythmia