Table 1. Descriptive data of participants in the study.
| Parameter | Value for cohort (na)b or statistic | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| E (n = 50) | NE (n = 50) | P-value c | |
| Age | 71.86 ± 6.70 | 50.06 ± 7.51 | 0.000 |
| T2DM [no. (%)] | 24 (48) | 26 (52) | 0.842 |
| Taking metformin [no. (%)] | 24 (48) | 26 (52) | 0.842 |
| Marital status [no. (%)] | |||
| Married | 41 (82) | 47 (94) | 0.121 |
| Single | 1 (2) | 1 (2) | 1.000 |
| Widowed | 8 (16) | 2 (4) | 0.092 |
| Menstrual status [no. (%)] | |||
| Premenstrual | 0 (0) | 19 (38) | 0.000 |
| Postmenstrual | 48 (96) | 28 (56) | 0.000 |
| Hysterectomy | 2 (4) | 3 (6) | 1.000 |
| Body mass index (kg/m2) | 23.64 ± 5.15 | 23.49 ± 3.36 | 0.867 |
| Water intake d (ml) | 2453.65 ± 833.93 | 2445.28 ± 747.86 | 0.958 |
| Events of UTIs | 0.60 ± 1.36 | 0.34 ± 0.69 | 0.229 |
| Asymptomatic bacteriuria e [no. (%)] | 7 (14) | 2 (4) | 0.160 |
| Urine pH | 5.83 ± 0.68 | 5.94 ± 0.58 | 0.386 |
| Urine glucose POS [no. (%)] | 5 (10) | 6 (12) | 1.000 |
an, no. of subjects; bMean ± SD or no.(%); cPearson’s chi-square and Fisher’s exact tests were used with categorical variables. Independent t-test was used with continuous variables, P < 0.05 was considered statistically significant; d The amount of water intake included drinking water intake and dietary fluid intake, which was examined by the Chinese Food Frequency Questionnaire; e Asymptomatic bacteriuria was defined according to whether the cultures tested positive for E. coli (no tested positive for other bacteria in the present study), which was with greater than 105 colony forming units /mL of E. coli.