Figure 1. History of predictive biomarkers (IHC and FISH) for targeted therapy in oncology.

Abbreviations: HER2, human epidermal growth factor receptor-2; FDA, Food and Drug Administration; IHC, immunohistochemistry; EGFR, epithelial growth factor receptor; ASCO, American Society of Clinical Oncology; CAP, College of American Pathologists; FISH, Fluorescent in situ hybridization; NCCN, National Comprehensive Cancer Network; mCRC, metastatic colorectal cancer; ToGA, trastuzumab for gastric cancer; G/GEJ, gastric/gastroesophageal cancer; FGFR, fibroblast growth factor receptor; CSH, Chromogenic in situ hybridization; ISH, in situ hybridization; PD-L1, programmed death ligand-1