Figure 2. 64B alters glucose metabolism and depletes ATP in tumor cells.

Tumor cells were cultured in normoglycemic or hyperglycemic DMEM, and were treated with 64B (5 μM) for 24 h unless indicated otherwise. A, Cell proliferation assay showing the IC₅₀ of 64B in MDA-MB-231 and A549 cells cultured for 72 h in the presence of 5.5 mM or 25 mM glucose, 1 mM or 10 mM pyruvate, 2 mM or 20 mM glutamine, 0.1 mM or 1 mM aspartate, 1% FBS or 10% FBS, 1 mM ethyl acetoacetate, 0.25 mM dimethyl α-KG, 1 mM dimethyl succinate and 1 mM diethyl OAA. B, Effect of 64B on glucose consumption in tumor cells by measuring the glucose level in culture medium. C, Effect of 64B on intracellular ATP level. D, Effect of 64B on the levels of metabolic intermediaries in tumor cells. All data show representative results obtained from three independent experiments, and the results are reported as the mean ± SD (n = 3). *, p < 0.05. **, p < 0.01.